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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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1.8 


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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STIsfcET 

WEBSTER,  NY.  14580 

(716)  87?-4503 


A^*. 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  canadien  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technica'  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  tn  hibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
orikjma!  copy  available  for  filming   Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction    or  which  may  sic;nificantly  change 
the  jsual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


L'Institut  a  rnicrofilme  le  meilleur  exemplniro 
qu  il  lui  a  ete  possible  de  se  procurer    Lf's  detiiils 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut  etre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique.  qui  peuvent  modifinr 
une  image  reproduite    ou  qui  peuve  it  exiqwr  umh 
modification  dans  la  m6thode  normale  de  film.jqe 
sent  indiques  ci  dessous 


I 1    Coloured  covers/ 

Couverture  de  couleur 


D 


Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 


Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommagee 


D 


Pages  damaged  ' 
Pages  endummagees 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restauree  et/ou  pellicul6e 


j  Pages  restorea  and/or  laminated/ 

I Pages  restaurees  et/ou  pelliculees 


X 


Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


rr'"'    Pages  discoloured    stained  or  foxed/ 
l^v    Pages  decolorees    tachetees  ou  piquees 


n 


Coloured  maps/ 

Caites  geographiques  en  couleur 


[  Pages  detached/ 

I Pages  detachees 


I 1    Coloured  ink  li  e    other  than  blue  or  black)/ 

I !    Encre  de  couleur  (i  e    aut.e  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


Showthrough/ 
Transparence 


"1    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
J    Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


□ 


Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Qualite  megale  de  I  impression 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
Relie  avec  d'autres  documents 


□ 


I    Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 


□ 


Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

Lareliure  serree  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  int6rieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text    Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutees 
lors  dune  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  etait  possible,  ces  pages  n  ont 
pas  ete  film6es. 


j       I    Only  edition  available/ 
1 I    Seule  edition  disponible 


D 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc  ,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image' 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d  ertata.  une  pelure 
etc     ont  ete  filmees  d  nouvoau  de  facon  a 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible 


□    Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplementaires 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filme  au  taux  de  reduction  indique  ci-dessous 

10X  MX  18X  22X 


12X 


16X 


20X 


26X 


30X 


—rr 

V 

24  X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  tilm«d  rmro  h«s  buen  rnptoducfid  thynKs 
to  the  qonerosity  of 

Libr.irv  of  Co'K|ri!SS 

The  iiT\agt!s  appearing  h«r«  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considorinc)  the  rendition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  aful  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


L  oxornplaire  film^  fut  roproduit  grace  A  la 
gAni^rosit^  de 

LitK.irv  of  Confirj'ss 
Photoduplicatiun  SorvicM 

Les  linages  suivantfs  ont  et<^  repioduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin    rompte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettetiV  de  I  exeinpUnre  film*^,  nt  en 
confOMiiit6  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage 


Original  copies  in  pritited  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  frt)nt  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres 
sion,  or  the  back  cover  when  a()pf('P''i*it«    All 
other  original  copies  are  fi'med  beginning  on  thi^ 
firbt  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres 
sion,  and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illtjstratfjd  impression. 


Les  exert  ,)1. tires  oncjinaux  dont  la  couverture  en 

papter  est  imprim«ie  sont  fiim«is  en  conunencant 

par  le  premiei  plat  et  en  terminant  ioit  par  la 

derni^re  page  qui  comporte  one  empreinte 

d  impression  ou  d  illustration    soit  par  le  second 

plat,  selon  le  cas    Tous  les  auttes  exemplaires 

originaux  sont  filmes  en  rommencani  par  la 

prnn^u'jre  page  qui  corrtporte  uiie  empreinte 

d  impression  ou  d  illustration  et  en  terminant  p.i' 

la  dfirnij^rn  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 

ernp't'inte 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — •■  (meaning     CON 
TINUED    I    or  the  symbol  V  (meaning     END    i, 
whichever  applies 


Un  des  symboles  ;.uivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
derni^re  mmge  de  ctiaque  microfiche    selon  le 
cas    le  symbole  — ♦-  ^ignifie     A  SUIVRE    ,  le 
symbole  V  signifie     FIN 


Maps,  plates,  charts    nXt:  .  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  nttios    Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  tne  upper  left  hand  corner    left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required    The  following  diagramii  illustrate  the 
method 


les  cartes,  planches    tableaux    etc  ,  peuvent  etre 
filmes  a  des  taiix  de  reduction  differents 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  etre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cliche    il  est  filnie  d  parfr 
de  I  angle  superieur  gauche    de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haul  en  has,  en  preriant  le  nombre 
d  images  necessaire    Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  methode. 


1 

2 

3 

_Xi 


32X 


j -I 

1  2  3 

4  5  6 


/ 


^ 


MEMOIRS 


OF    THE 


Principal  Tranfa£lions 


OF    THE 


LAST   WAR 


BETWEEN    THE 

EngUJh  and  French  in  North- America. 

FROM    THE 

G)nimenccnient  of  it  in  1 744,  to  the  Conclufion  of 
the  Treaty  at  Aix  la  ChapelU, 

Containing  in  Particular 

An  Account  of  the  Importance  of  Nova  Scotia  or 
Jlcadie,  and  the  Ifland  of  Cape  Breton  to  both 
Nations. 


The   Third    Edition. 


LONDON,    Printed,  ly^j, 

BOSTON,  New-Englandj 

Re-printed  and  Sold  by  Green  and  RussELt,  at 

their  Printing-Office  in  Queen-fticet. 

MDCCLVIII. 


w 


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\  \ 


To  Ills  GRACE  the 

Duke  of  Newcastle, 

Firft  Lord  Commiflloncr  of  Hi:. 
majesty's  Treasurv, 

Knight  of  the  Moft  Noble  Oulcr  of  t.ic 
GARTER,  &c.  &c. 

My  Lor  u, 

TH  E  Events,  which  arc  the  SuhjctTk  of  thcfc  Me- 
moirs, liad  their  Rife  in  North  ^Imer'na,  when 
■  your  Grace's  particular  Department,  as  one  of  his  Ma- 
jefty's  Principal  Secretaries  of  State,  put  tlie  Aflairs  nf 
that  Continent  under  your  Grace's  more  immediate  Di- 
rcftion  :  And  thofe,  who  are  acquainted  wiih  the  firft 
Springs  and  Movements,  which  fci  ihefc  Expeditions  en 
foot,  and  with  the  Charafter  of  the  Perfon  in  .America, 
who  was  chiefly  inftrumental  in  conducing  them  there, 
muft  be  fenfible,  that  the  Succefs  was  wholly  owing  to 
the  Influence  of  your  Grace's  Admioiftration.and  ought 
therefore  to  be  reckoned  among  the  other  happy  EfTefls 
of  it. 

Thefe,  my  Lord,  together  with  the  Ambition,  which 
the  Author  has  of  making  his  public  Acknowledgments 
to  your  Grace  for  perfonal  Obligations,  are  theMotivcs, 
which  have  induced  him  to  take  the  Liberty  of  addreP- 
(ing  the  following  Sheets  to  your  Grace  ;  and  encour- 
age him  to  hope,  that  they  will  be  honoured  with  your 
Grace's  Protcftion. 

I  am  fenfible,  my  Lord,  that  the  Succefs  of  the  laft 
War  ic  North  l4mtrica  was  not  equal  to  the  great  Idea 

formed; 


— «-^l 


I 


^  DEDICATION. 

formed  in  your  Grace's  Mind  at  tliat  time  for  the  Ser- 
vice of  your  King  and  Country.  T.     ,     J 
Had  your  Grace's  Plan  tranfmittcd  to  Nctv  Envland 
in  1746  for  the  Reduftion  of  Canfl</rt  been  carried  mto 
Execution  that  Year,  as  it  would  have  been,  if  it  had 
not  been  frulhatcd  by  unforcfecn,  inevitable  Accidents 
in  ^Mr3/»^again{l  which  it  wa^  not  in  the  Power  of  Hu- 
man Policy  to  pr«>vidc  ;  that  would  have  crowned  the 
War  with  :hc  mod  important  Conqueft  to  the   Intcrelh 
of  Great  Sritain,  that  was  ever  made  upon  the  Conti- 
nent of  America.                                  r  ,    w     r  t«    r 
But,  my  Lord,  fliort  as  the  Events  of  the  War  fell  of 
your  Grace's  Scheme  ;  yet  the  Confcqucnces  were,  not 
only  the.  Prefervation  of  Great  Britain^  moft   eflcntial 
Territory  in  North  America  for   fecuring   to  her  the 
PofTi'Oion  of  all  her  other   Colonies  there  (at  a  time 
when  the  Enemy  had  reduced  it  to  fuch   Exircmuies, 
that  its  Fate  fecmcd  to  depend  upon  as  flcndcr  aThread, 
as  it  could  poHibly  do  ;  but  an  Acquifition  to  his  Ma- 
iclty's  Dominions,  wliich,  in  all  Appearance, accelerated 
the  Extinaion  of  a  mod  cxpcnfivc  War  to   Great  Bri- 
tain,  and  laid  the  Foundation  for  redoring  at  that   time 
the  public  Tranquility  of  Enrobe. 

May  your  Grace's  unwearied  Counfels  for  the  Na- 
tion's Welfare  be  condantly  attended  with  Succefs,  c- 
qual  to  the  Patriot  Views,  with  which  they  are  formed ; 
and  your  King  and  Country  long  reap  the  falutary 
Fruits  of  them. 

T  have  the  Honour  to  be  with  the  highcft  Refpcft, 
My  Lord, 
Your  Grace's 
mod  obliged,  and 
moft  devoted  Servant. 


N. 
imc  for  the  Scr- 

to  New  England 
been  carricu  into 
been,  if  it  had 
kfitabic  Accidents 
he  Power  of  Hu- 
lavc  crowned  the 
I  to  the  Intcrelh 
;  upon  the  Conti- 

of  the  War  fell  of 
qucnces  were,  not 
?j'8  mofl:  cflential 
aring  to  her  the 
i  there  (at  a  time 
fuch  Extremities, 
s  flendcr  aThrcad, 
ifition  to  his  Ma- 
■arance,  accelerated 
hr  to  Great  Bri' 
oring  at  that   time 

nfcls   for  the  Na- 

1  with    Succefs,   c- 

» they  are  formed ; 

reap  the  falutary 


highcft  Refpca, 


[^ 


MEMOIRS 


OF    THE 


Principal  Tranfa<flions  of  the  Loft  U^at 
between  the  Engltp  and  French  in 
North- America, 


^##^fe"^'   two  firft  Objefts 
North' America 


Servant. 


of  the   War  in 
^  ^  ^  were    NovO'Scotia  or 

i  T  ^5  ^^'^<j^^'^>  and  the  Ifltnd  of  Cape  Bretm  : 
i?^'?<fc?»j  c9fc?H  againd  the  former  of  thefe  the  French, 
S'Sr?^  Toon  after  the  Declaration  of  War  in  £«- 
'•^'^*^*'*^  rope,  made  three  Attempts  ;  in  the  Hrft 
of  which  they  furprizcd  the  Ifland  of  Canfo,  burnt  its 
Forts  and  other  Buildings,  dellroyed  the  Filhery  there, 
and  carried  the  Garrifon  Prifoners  to  Louisbourg  ;  and 
in  the  two  laft  reduced  Annapolis-Royal,  the  principal 
Fort  and  ancient  Metroplis  of  the  Province,  to  great 
Extremities  :  In  the  Year  following  the  Colonies  of 
New'En^land  profecutcd  an  Expedition  againll  Cape 
Breton  ;  m  which  they  took  it,  and  brought  the  Inha- 
bitai:t5  of  the  Ifland  of  5/.  John^s,  fituate  in  the  Gulf 
of  St.  Lawrence,  to  make  their  SubmifTiori  upon  the 
fame  Terms  with  thofe  granted  to  Louisbourg,  and  to 
give  Hoftagcs  for  delivering  PoflcIIioa  of  the  Ifland  to 
the  Engltjh, 

B  As 


m 


C      10     ] 

A.cm  Accountofthclmrnrnncc  ofthe  two  firft. 
mcoioTcd  Places  t..  both  Nation.  wnUhrowL.Rhuiv 
on  the  fcvcr.l  Opcraiions  and  Inc.acnts  o^  thw  War,  it 

on  the  Cc^^tncut  of  .V. J>^..mV.  ;  c  l-;-;"'"- 
,y  Lcgucs  Pf  Sca-CouU  upon  ihc  JUantc  Ocean  ex- 
cntfmjTfron^  C.\n'.Ca„fo  tallward.  which   l.cs  a  iKc 
Entrance  into  thcV.ut  i  Streiftlm  o    ^l-t  N.r.c       ro 
which  there  h  a  PalTl.gc  mcotlKGulf  "f^^^'^  ;^f''  i^"^' . 
to  CupcSa/././  WcUwurcl.  whtch   t^nns  .'nc   lot  ot 
the  Entrance   into  the  Uay  oi  fwuja:    1  h.s  Coall  a- 
boun4s  with  mod  commoaious   1  -^""  <-  SfV^^f 
Shbs  of  War,  andBmks  of  the  bed  Cml-V.lh  Mrth- 
^Terka  ;  .i\  is  very  ^dv-taRcoul  y  f^--^   -  -- 
manding  the  Navip.ation  ottlvat  ly.'^^XrnZcnc^ 
EaOcrn  Side  forms  Fart  ot  the  Cm U  of  5r.  Lau.urcr. 
along  which  it  lies  extended  about  t .  o  L"g""  J""^ 
the  Gut  of  Cavf^.  at  it's   Entrance  into  the  C.uU,   to 
Cap^lf.°Lr:whi:h  forms  the  South  Point  ot  theMouth 
of  the  River  St  Lav^ren':e,  through  wh.ch  the  whole 
Country  oi' Canada  reccivs  all  its  Supphes  andSupprts 
fro.n  France  :  ThisCoad  alio  has  leveral  goodHWr.es 
and  Harbours,  particularly  the  Bay  of  C.//.r     Bay  dcs 
Cbalcurs,   and  IJay  Vcrte.  the  letter  whereof  ,s  fenar.. 
ted  by   a  narrow  llthmus.  about  i8  Mdes   long,  from 
ihe  Bay  of  Funda,  which  is  about  50  Leagues  dccp.and 
comprehended  within  the  Province  :  In  th,s  I^y  arc  the 
thrTBafonsof^/m^Mi'  Minas  or  Lcs  Mines,  and 
SST  the  CoalU  whereof  and  Banks  of  the  adja- 
cent  R  vers  abound  with   Salt  Marflxes,  whM:h  by  the 
Force  of  a  rich  Soil,  conttantly  recruited  w.th   inannc 
Salts    and  fo,  not  to  bo  impovenlhed  by  condant  1.  - 
hge  '  produe*;  lar.e  Crops  oV  Endtjb  Grain    w.th  httle 
Labour  to  the  Husbandman  ;  and  amoncr  other  Riven 
thkh  faU  into  it,  lies  that  of  St.  J^hn^s  through  wh.ch 
the  City  of  Queh'-c  has  .  Communicauon  >^«h  the  Bay, 
and  acroftt^  Head  of  that,  through  the  Gulfj^f  S^ 


f  the  two   firft* 

htow  Light  u[v 

ofthc  War,  it 

rn  Colonic*  up- 
t  has  about  ninc- 
!aiitic  Ocean  cx- 
^hich  lies  at  the 
hat  Name  (thro' 
if  St.  Ln-urence) 
ns  one  Point  of 
;  This  Coall  a- 
50urs  lor  capital 
oil-Kifh  \i\North' 
fiiuatcil  for  com- 
f  the  Ocean  :  Its 
jf  5/.  Lawrence, 

0  Leagues  from 
nto  the  Clulf,  to 
oint  of  tiicMouth 
which  the  whole 
plies  and  Supprts 
:ral  good  Filncries 
'  Cafpc,  Bay  des 
whereof  is  fcpar-d- 
Vlilcs  long,  from 
Leagues  dcep.and 
n  this  liay  arc  the 

Lts  Mines,  and 
Janks  of  the  adja- 
cs,  which  by  the 
litcd  with  marine 
i  by  conftant  Til- 
Grain,  with  little 
ong  other  Riveri, 
?7j'x  through  which 
ion  with  the  Bay, 

1  the  Gulf  of  St. 

X^awrence, 


C   II   ] 

Lawrtnce,  with  Lmtiibottrj^ :  The  North  Side  (4  Hie 
Province  is  bounded  by  tl\c  Southern  Bank  of  thcRiver 
St.  Lawrence,  along  which  it  is  extended  fiont  Cape 
RczUr  to  Le  Bik,  vim\m  8o  Lc.igurt  ;  and  the  Welter  n 
Side  by  the  ilivcr  Pentagoet  or  Ptnohfcnt,  which  fep*. 
rates  it  from  New-England  .  Its  inland  Parfs  afTbrd  4 
Plenty  of  Paflumgc,  with  all  Kind*  of  Roori,  produces 
good  Oak  Timber  for  Ship  Building,  and  white  Piile 
Mads,  and  has  a  large  Store  of  Mines  in  the  Dittrifl  oi' 
Minas  or  Les  Mines,  which  derives  hs  Name  from 
ihem. 

Thus  fituated,  it  is  evident,  that  Nova-Scotia,  wbea 
in  the  Hands  of  the  Enq^ii/b  mulk  be  a  Barrier  to  the 
Britijh  Colonies  m  North- America  ;  and  the  Command 
it  gives  them  of  theNavigation  of  theCJulf  of  iV.  Lanf- 
rence  and  Bay  of  Funda,  puts  it  into  their  Power  to  cm 
off*  the  Communication  between  France  and  CanaJa, 
through  the  River  of  5/.  Lawrence,  which  cmntk'S  it- 
fcif  into  the  former,  and  St.  yoMs  that  falls  into  the 
latter  ;  which  leaves  the  French  no  Kntranrc  into  it*, 
except  by  the  Miffift[>pi ;  the  Pallagc  ihrough  which,the 
River  Ohio  and  the  great  Lakes  and  Rivers  beyond  ir, 
to Afont real, \i  a  moll  difficult  Navigation  of  2 000  Miles, 
ior  the  grcatcft  Part  ngainll  the  Stream,  and  incumbered 
with  Falls,  (b  tbat  it  is  imprafticabic  tor  France  to  give 
her  Colonies  in  Canada  an  efPeftual  Supjiort  through 
this  Route ;  and  conl'equently  in  fuch  Cafe  Ihc  mull 
hold  them  at  the  Will  of  Great  Britain. 

On  the  other  hand,  whilft  Nova  Scatia  is  in  the  Pof- 
fcffion  of  the  French,  it  puts  it  into  their  Power,  by  the 
Command  it  gives  them  of  the  Navigation  to  and  from 
the  Britijh  NorthernColonics,particularly  thofc  o^  New 
England,  to  harrals  and  dillrels  rhcm  exceedingly ;  and 
by  its  near  Situation  to  the  Eafl-ern  Parts  of  the  Maf- 
fachufetts  Bay,  and  the  Province  oi  New  Hampjhire,  to 
deprive  Great  Britain  of  the  Naval  Stores,  which  are 
now  drawn  from  the  King^s  Woods  there  for  malHng  the 
Royal  Navy  :  And  whereas  the  cold  Climate  and  un- 
fruitful 


I  1  ■ 


f 


i^^ 


I 


3i 


fruitful  Soil  oT Canada  amlCapc^rz/on  yteltj  only  a  bare 
Suftcn»ncc  tW  their  prcfcnt  Inhabitantj.  and  nuiUc  ihofe 
Colonici  incapable  of  Cupporiing  a  large   Number  of 
Troopi  •  in  which  Circumthncc  confilU  very  much  the 
Secunty'of  the^r/^/^ColoniciaKiinU  thclncroKhmcnii 
of  J^anct ;  if  Frame  was  augmented  with  the  Province 
of  Nova  Scof/d.  which  i<  fcriilc  of  every  Spco*  « 
Pro? ifjons,  ftie  would  then  be  able  to  maintaui  in  Narih 
jimtrica  a  numerous  (landing  Army.         „    .   ,    ^  . . 
The  Ntw  England  Colonics,  in  every  Period  otthji 
Province's  Subjcftion  to  the  French,  continually  felt 
moll  pernicious  EfTcas  from  it.  in  Depredations  upon 
their  Trade,  and  Incurfions  into  their    rcrritories  ;  fo 
that  in  t654  Oliver  Cromwell,  for  their  ProtcO ion.  was 
obliged  to  (bize  on  all  its  Forts  an^  difpofrers  the  trench 
of  the  whole  Country  :  After  the  Reditution  of  it  to 
them  by  the  Treaty  of  Breda,  New  Englandigim  ex- 
pcrienced  the  fame  mifchievousConfrquenccs  from  their 
PonclTionofit,  which  always  thrcatned  Dcllruftion   to 
her  Colonics  :  And  not  to  mention  the  intcrmediaicEx- 
pcditions  form'd  againft  it  from  thofe  Govcrnments.and 
the  alternate  Change  of  PoflrcflTion,  it  has  undergone  ; 
when  France  was  funk  to  its  loweft  Ebb  of  Power  in 
Europe,  by  a  long  Series  of  advcrfc  Campnigm,  during 
Quccn^;/M's  Reign, yet  even  then  theNc'^o-EnglandGo- 
vernmcnts  were  lb  diftrclTcd  by  this  Province  »  remain- 
ing in   the  Hands  of  the  French  (though  the   Number 
of  its  Inhabit-ints  did  not  exceed  4000).  that  they  twica 
addrcfTcd  the  Crown   in  the  nrongeft  Terms  tofit  out 
an  Armament  from  E^^/ani  for  the  Re-conqucft  of  it; 
in  confcqucncc  of  which  an  Expedition  was  formed  a- 
cainfl  it.  under  the  Command  of  General  Ntcholfon, 
%/\\o  took  it  :  And   the  Ncgociations  at  the  Treaty  of 
Utrecht,  by  which  it  was  ceded  to  Creat-Bntam,  will 
Jhew  with  what  extreme  Reluftance  France  made  the 
Cefllon  ;  and  that  nothing  but  the  feeble  State,  IHc  was 
then  iPi  c^uld  have  rei^uccd  her  to  fubmit  to  it. 

By 


t  yteli!  only  a  t»«re 
t9,  ami  nukUc  ihofe 
argc  Numb<r  of 
His  very  much  the 
thiliKroichmcnt$ 
I  with  the  Province 
every  Spcc'iM  of 
mainuin  in  Nartb 

very  Period  of  this 
.  continually  fcU 
DeprodaiioM  upon 
if  Territories ;  fo 
icir  ProtcOion.was 
ifponcfs  the  French 
RcUitution  of  it  t» 
England  again  ex- 
:qutnccs  from  their 
ncd  DcHruftion   to 
he  intermcdiaicEx- 
e  Govcrnments.and 
it  has  undergone  ; 
I  Ebb  of  Power  in 
Campnigm,  during 
ttfc'^V'EnglandGo- 
Provincc'si  rcmain- 
lough  the   Number 
oo),  that  they  twice 
ft  Terms  to  fit  out 
;  Re<onqueft  of  it ; 
liiion  was  formed  a» 
General  Nichl/on, 
18  at  the  Treaty  of 
Great-Britain,  will 
:e  France  made  the 
ccblc  State,  Ihc  was 
fubmit  to  it. 

By 


[    >J    J 

By  thfCdfion  of  ihisProvlnce,  tnAPlaeentia  \t\Ntw- 
foundland,  to  the  Enghjh,  the  French  were  left  without 
any  Harbour,  or  Sea  Coaft  in  that  Part  of  the  ^:!anlic 
Ocean  ;  in  Confidcration  of  which  the  I  (land  of  Cape 
Cretan,  which  lay  within  the  ancient  Limiti  of  Nwa 
Scitia  or  ^cddic,  but  was  excepted  by  the  Treaty  of 
Utretcht  out  of  the  CeHTion,  was  yielded  to  Frana. 

This  Ifland,  or  rather  ColleAion  of  Iflandi,  called  by 
the  French  L«s  Iflti  de  A/fl</<im/,  which  lis  fo  con- 
tiguous, that  they  are  commonly  CuppoCed  to  be  but  one, 
and  comprehended  under  theName  of  the  Ifland  of  Cane 
Breton,  or  Vl/Ie  Roy  ale,  has  a  Sea  Coaft  u|x>n  thcv^/- 
lantie  Ocean  extending  from  the  Gut  of  Canfo,  the 
Eaftern  Boundary  of  iv<«;a  Scotia,  zhowx  34  Leagues 
E.  N.  £.  to  theEntrance  intotheGulf  of  S/.  Lawrence, 
between  the  Eaftermoft  Part  of  the  Ifland,  and  thcWeft 
of  Newfoundland,  from  which  it  is  about  17;  T.eagues 
diflant  :  Its  Weftern  Side  forms  Part  of  the  Gulf ;  and 
the  Importance  of  it  to  the  French  may  be  cflimated 
from  the  Advantar.es  which  they  have  reaped  from  ic 
fince  it  has  been  in  their  PoircfTion. 

Altho'  the  HarboiT  of  Louisbourg  is  not  a  very  good 
one  for  Shipping,  and  the  Ifland  is  barren  ;  and  but  a 
fmall  Number  of  Ships  fifli  there,  in  Coiuparifon  of 
ihofc  which  arc  employcil  in  the  French  Fimcrirs  on 
the  'Qm\i%oi Newfoundland, ihc  Gw\\^ o(  St,  Lawrence, 
and  the  neighbouring  Shores,  Bays,  Harbours,  &c.  yet 
the  Situation  of  it  is  fuch,  that  all  their  filhing  Veflels 
can  repair  thither  on  any  Danger  or  Emergency  ;  cfpe- 
cially  thofe  which  fifli  in  the  Gulf,  on  the  Main,  or  at 
the  Northweft  of  Newfoundland,  none  of  which  arc  a- 
boYc  one  or  two  Days  Sail,  at  moft,  from  Louisbourg  ; 
as  may  alfo  thofe  VcfTcls  which  load  with  Mud-Fifli  on 
the  Banks ;  fo  that  this  Ifland  is  the  Center  andProtef^i- 
on  of  their  whole  Fiflicry  :  And  of  what  Value  that  has 
been  to  them  will  appear  by  the  following  Computation 
taken  of  it  from  Perfons  intimately  acquainted  with  eve- 
ry Branch  of  it,  according  to  the  State,  in  which  it  was 
parried  on,  this  Year  before  the  War.  Ac- 


i 


— .^ 


i 

11 


•  -h 


C     M     J 

Accord\n«  to  this  Computai-oii  the  Quantity  of  the- r 
Fifli  caught  that  Year  was  1,149.000  C^imals  ot  dry 
m^nd  3.900.000  Mud-Fifh  ;  the  Value  of  both 
Xch,incbding  3.t '^6.  To.  of  T.ai.vO.1  drawn  from 
the  Blubber  amounts  to  926,577/;  10^;  according  to 
llie  prime  Coft  of  tlie  Filh  at  I^ew/ounalanji ;  and  with 
the  Addition  of  its  Freight  to  ihc/cveral  Markets  wher. 
it  13  fold,makes  ^49.192  '•  i°^-  St^rlirrg  ;  and,  if  to  h^ 
is  addtid  t^e  Cottfumption,.  which  B  made  ol  their  coarle 
Woollens  U  the  Meft  eft^ploycd  in  the  t  lihery.reckcm. 
ini?  fot  each  a  Blanket,  Watch  G^at,  Rug,  Pca-Jackct, 
6$.  in  the  Whole  30..  fer  Mafi,as^aUo  tb^Brandy  they 
conibrtCtogether  with  theCanva8,Cordage,Ncts,Hooks. 
GraPl>lins,  Anchors,  &c.  that  the  Ships  and  Sha.  ops  o( 

this^ifhery  muft  expend  at  Sea  »"<!  «!»  S^X"  m  n„  1^ 
lue  of  it  will  amount  at  lead  to  one  Million  Sterling  fer 
Mnum,  at  which  it  is  generally  computed. 

But  inordei  to  form  a  juft  Eftimate  of  the  Value  o. 
this  Branch  of  Trade  to  the  French,  the  Conhderation 
wf  Its  beneficial  Confcqucnces  ihould  b?  taken  m  ;  theie 
confift  principally  in  the  following  Articles  : 

tft.  The  Train  Oil  produced  by  it  is  neceflary  tc  the 
French  in  their  Woolen  Manufaftory  ;  :n  which  they 
fcay*  already  rival'd  us  with  too  muchSucceft  ;  and  thei^ 
SiScar  Colonies  abroad,  which  cannot  do  without  it,  are 
Applied  vith  it  from  France  out  of  this  ^llher>^ 

2dlv.  'I'heTrade,  it  opens  for  them  into  the  M.f^//.rf- 
ranean,  and  all  the  Romcrt  Catholick  Sures,  where  they 
carry  their  Filh  to  Market,  and  by  theMeans  of  it  rorce 
a  Vent  for  other  French  Manufaftures ;  >^1^'^^  Jf ;  ^^^J 
found  fo  beneficial  to  their  commercial  Intcreft,  .bat  they 
have  been  indefatigable  .  the  Cultivation  of  it,  fparing 
1,0  Pains  nor  Colt,  and  ufing  everyArt  to  'Jo'^oP«»'"  "{ 
for  which  Purpcfe,  from  the  Beginning  they  ^a^e  ufcd 
their  mmoft  Endeavours  in  time  of  War  between  the  two 
Nations,  to  procure  a  Neutrality  in  North  Jitfierica,  fo 
far  as  relates  to  the  Fiftiery  there  ;  that  they  ^f'^'-';';^ 
th«l  carry  it  on,.nd-  profecute  tkeirV^yages  «nmolefted. 


Quantity  of  their 
3  Quintals  of  dry 
he  Value  of  both 
liiv  Oil  drawn  from 
IGJ.   according  to 
mdlami ;  and  with 
:ral  Marktts.whcrf 
ling  ;  and,  if  to  this 
lade  of  their  coarfc 
the  Fiihery,reckon- 
,  Rivg,  Pea-Jackct, 
tlfo  thcBrandy  they 
)rdage,Ncts,Hooks, 
ipsand  Shallops  o( 
1  on  Shore,  the  Va- 
Slillion  Sterling  per 
iputed. 

ite  of  the  Value  of 
h,  tlie  Confideration 
I  b?  taken  in  ;  thefe 
articles  : 

it  is  necelTary  to  the 
y  ;  in  which  they 
liSucceft;  andtheif 
)t  do  without  it,  are 
f  this  Filhery. 
m  into  the  Med'tter- 
t  Stares,  where  they 
theMcansofitforce 
res ;  which  has  heet» 
ailntcreft.  ihatthey 
ivation  of  it,  fparing 
rt  to  monopolize  it ; 
ling  they  have  ufcd 
Var  between,  the  two 
,  North  ^nierica,  fo 
hat  they  riiight  tvert 
/oVaCes  unmokfted. 
'  ^      jdly,  The 


C    15-    ] 

gdly.  The  great  Incrcafc  of  their  Navigation  and 
Seamen  arifing  from  this  Fifhery  ;  in  which  564  Ships, 
befidcs  Shallops,  atid  27.500  Seamen  arc  employed: 
Circumftanccs,  efpecially  the  latter,  which  confiaerea 
with  regard  to  their  maritime  Force,  arc  of  thcmfelves 
SIS  valuable  to  France  as  the  Revenue  of  the  Fifhery  It- 
felf :  Well  therefore  might  Pcre  Charlevoix  in  hisHif^ 
tory  of  New-France  obfcrve,  "  That  this  Fifhery  was 
«•  a  more  valuablcSource  of  Wealth  andPowcrto  France, 
*'  than  even  the  Mines  of  Peru  or  Mexico  would  be/* 

And  this  greatBranch  of  Trade  may  be  faid  to  depenil 
upon  their  PoflcfTion  of  the  Ifland  of  Cape  Breton,  as  it 
is  impofTible  for  them  to  carry  it  on  without  fome  con- 
venient Harbour  of  Strength  to  fupply  and  proteft  it  j 
and  Louisbourgh  is  the  only  one,  they  have  in  this  Part 
of  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 

Befidcs  the  Fifhery,  there  are  likewife  other  Advan- 
tages  which  arifc  to  the  French  fiom  their  PoflefTion  of 
this  Ifland  ;  France  has  not  one  Sea  Port  for  the  Relief 
and  Shelter  of  her  trading  Ships  either  to,  or  from  the 
Eaji  or  fFeft  Indies  open  to  them  any  where  in  North 
»/4merica,  to  the  Northward  of  the  River  Mijpfipp,  ex- 
cept Lr.uisbourg ;  and  of  confequencc,  that  wholeTrade 
would  be  exp<->s'd  to  the  En^Ujh  Privateers  from  the 
Northern  Colonies  in  time  ol^  War,  without  any  Place 
to  retreat  to ;  and  in  time  of  Peacc,they  would  be  with- 
out any  Sea  Port,  they  can  call  their  own,  or  lay  any 
Pretenfions  to  in  thofeScas  ;  h\\\.Louishourg^  ferves  them 
at  an  Harbour  for  their  Ships  employed  in  thisTrade  to 
refbrt  to  for  Wood  and  Water,  to  clean  or  repair,  for 
Convoy  from  thence  to  Old  France,  and  on  occafion  of 
any  Diftrefs ;  as  it  likewife  does  to  their  VefTcU  to  and 
from  Canada,  by  having  the  Cover  and  Command  of 
great  Part  of  the  Gulf  of  St.La^t/rence  ;  without  which- 
Protcftion  and  Retreat  their  Trade  from  thence,  and 
even  the  Country  itfclf, would  not  be  worth  theExpencc, 
which  France  is  at  for  the  Maintenance  of  theml 

Ta 


C    i<s  ] 

To  all  thir  ,m(lbe  atiled,  that  the  PofTelTion  of  this 
Ifland  puts  it  into  their  Power  to  annoy  the  Trade  of 
the  Brit'tfrj  NorthernColonies  in  time  of  War  with  their 
Privateers  from  this  Harbour,  to  fo  great  a  Degree,  that 
it  has  ever  been  called  by  the  Engltjh,  tht'Dunquerquc 
of  North-America. 

From  the  foregoing  Enumeration  of  the  Advantages 
accruing  to  the  French   from  their  PoflTeflTion  of  this 
Ifland,  it  is  obvious  of  what  Importance  the  Poflefllon 
of  it  would  be  to  the  Erigli//j.— The  EngUJh,  when  the 
French  are  intirely  excluded  from  the  Cod   Fifhery  ; 
which  they  mud  be,  when  they  lofe  Cape  Breton,  and 
are  not  allowed  any  Privilege  at  Newfoundland,  would 
have  the  whole  Benefit  of  it  to  themfelves  ;    in  which 
Cafe  all  the  Roman  Catholic  States  muft  then  depend  on 
the  Englijb  folely  for  their   Baccalio  j    which*   befidea 
the  Profits  arifing  immediately  from  it,  would  give  them 
almoft  the  whole  Trade  of  the  Mediterranean,  mi\\  an 
Increafc  of  2  7,oooS'"imen  for  the  Royal  Navy,and  put 
it  abfolutcly  in  theirPower  to  cut  off  all  Communication 
"between  France  and  Canada,  exce\it  through  the  MiJ/i* 
tpi(z%  is  before  obferved)and  thereby  not  only  render 


% 


Janada  of  little  or  no  Utility  to  the  'French,  but  de- 
prive it  of  all  eflfeftual  Support  from  France, aigfMnH  any 
Attempts  of  the  Englijh  for  the  Reduftion  of  it. 

From  the  State  of  thefe  two  Colouics  it  is  clear.what 
the  DiflTerence  would  have  been  to  Great  Britain  in  the 
Courfe  of  this  War,if  inftead  of  the  Prefervaiion  of  Ne- 
va Scotia  and  Reduftion  of  Cape  Breton,  Jbe  had   loft 
the  former  tr  the  French,  and  they  had  kept  Pofleflion 
of  the  latter  :  In  that  Czk,  France  by  gainmg  the  prin- 
cipal Key  of  the  Northern  Colonies,  extending  her  Sea 
Coaft  90  Leagues  further  upon  the  Atlantic,  and  aug- 
menting her  Territories  in  Canada,  and  the  Ifland  of 
Oipc  Breton  with  fo  large  a  Provifion  Country  as  Neva 
Scotia,  lying  contiguous  to  both  of  them,  would   have 
had  it  in  her  Power  to  introduce  and  fupport  a  Body  of 
reguhr  Troops  there,  which  in  Conjunftion  with  the 
"  Militia 


i 


;  Poflefllon  of  this 
oy  the  Trade  of 
of  War  with  their 
reat  a  Degree,  that 
b,  tht'Dunquerqtir 

of  the  Advantages 

PoflTelTion  of  this 
ince  the  Poflcflion 

Englijh,  when  the 
the  Cod  Fifhery  ; 
;  Cape  Breton,  and 
wfoundland,  would 
nfelves  ;  in  which 
luft  then  depend  on 
0 ;  which«  befides 
it,  would  give  them 
iitcrranean,vi\i\\  an 
{.oyal  Navy,and  put 

all  Communication 
t  through  the  Mijft" 
eby  not  only  render 
e  French,  but  dc« 
I  /'/•anr^,againft  any 
du(^ion  of  it. 
Miies  it  is  clear,what 
rreat  Britain  in  the 
Prefervaiion  of  iS^o- 
Weton,  fie  had  loft 
had  kept  Poflefllon 
by  gaining  the  prin- 
,  extending  her  Sea 

Atlantic,  and  aug- 
i,  and  the  Ifland  of 
on  Country  as  hliva 

them,   would   have 

id  fupport  a  Body  of 

'onjunftion  with  the 

Militia 


[     ^7     ] 

Militia  of  Canada  and  the  Indians  upon  the  Continent 
(every  one  of  which,the  SixNations  not  cxceptcd.would 
foon  then  have  gone  over  to  their  Intecft)  would  over- 
fun  the  i?/ /////J  Colonies  already  furrounded  with  aLine 
of  French  Forts  carried  on  upon  the  Back  of  them 
for  that  Purpofe. 

If  ever  Great  Britain  /hould  receive  fuch  a  Blow  in 
her  American  Dominions,  it  would  be  in  vain  to  hope 
to  retrieve  it  by  her  fuperior  Naval  Force ;  on  the  other 
liand>  if  It  IS  confidered,  how  much  the  Strength  of  the 
French  Marine  would  be  thereby  increafed,  and  that 
of  the  Bntijb  diminiflicd,  little  doubc  can  be  made,  that 
the  prefent  Superiority  of  the  Naval  Force  of  iireai 
-^r  I  tain  to  that  of  France  would  furvive  the  Lofs  of  her 
Colonies  but  a  few  Years. 

Upon  the  Ccfllon  of  Nova  Scotia  to  Great  Britain 
at  the  Treaty  of  Utrecht,  it  was  garrifoned  with  nine 
Companies  of  the  late  Lieutenant  General  Philips'%R.€- 
giment  of  3 1  privates  each,  five  of  which  were  potted  at 
Annapolis  Royal  and  four  at  Canfo. 

I'^VS.'n^  ^''^"'^  Inhabitants  (  whom  for  diftinftion* 
lake  I  ihall  csWAcadians)  which  were  found  in  thePro* 
vince  at  the  Reduftion  of  it,  they  were  by  the  Treaty 
allowed  their  Option  either  to  retire  with  their  moveable 
Vticih  to  any  other  Place  within  a  Year,  or  to  remain 
there  and  be  fubjeft  to  the  Kingdom  o^  Great-Britain, 
and  to  have  the  free  Exercife  oVthe  Catholic  Religion, 
as  far  as  the  Lavs  of  Great-Britain  would  allow. 
^  Much  the  greateft  Part  made  their  Eleftion  to  remain 
in  Nova  Scotia,  but  could  not  be  induced  to  take  the 
Oath  of  Allegiance,  pleading  in  Excufe,  that  if  they 
bound  themfelves  to  take  up  Arms  in  defence  of  the 
Enghp  Goverment,  they  ihould  be  expofcd  to  be  made 
a  Sacrifice  to  the  Ravages  of  the  Indians  in  the  French 
Jntereft  :  Upon  this  Plea  General  Phillips,  thenGover- 
nor  of  the  Province,  permitted  them  ro  ttay  there  for 
fome  Years  without  giving  this  Tell  of  their  Allegiance  ; 
but  at  length,to  bring  them  to  comply,he  indulpcd  them. 

^^hough 


i:  It  1 


*°Jtt^i,K-,plAa  of  Govcrnmcn.  c«rc.lca  by  he 
EmliA  Govcrnbr  among  them  fccms  to  have  *«";>"?. 
f  Simen.,  or  rather  Allowance  from  <;me  »  '.mcof 
I^Jtttie.  chofen  by  and  among  riicmlel.«  f"'  'h'';  '^ 
,  Jl  Diftrifl.  ;  aiKl  even  thol?  f«'lf  "''LS  ,h™. 
The  Execution  of  their  Office, «  'f'^'V'^^^™^, 
feWes  fcarcely  accountable  to  the  Engl'fi  Ooverni»eni 
for  the  Exercife  of  tliat  Authority.  _ 

B%is  means,  though  thefe  InhabUantj  became  f«. 
e//subjeAs  by  Virtulof  the  Treaty  ^"^  thc.rOath  o 
5^ilecTiance  •  vet  the  French  Governor  m  Canada  pre 
feS  the  cJd  Influence  and  Command  over  them^nd 
iuUWatei  in  them  their  former  ^ereduarvAuachme^^^^^^^ 
the  i^r.«r/.King  ;  fo  that  they  contmued  a  d.ft'n|Bod^ 
of  French  Roman  Catholics    "^'^Pi^l^/ee  of  f    u^^ 
Government  from  bearing  Arms  '•^.  ^f  f.^  °  ,^,Vrom 
keci  by  their  Priefts  fo  unmixed  with  and  leparate  irom 

,,  ,hcy  naturally  ought  to  have  d""'.' ^^^^.^^much 
,0  it ;  and  by  remamtng  ■"''^P^'Xd  removed  into 
greater  Service  to  /Voncf.thai^  I  *'y  ™"  i^Trea™  of 
Ic  French  G°ver«nt  tmrnedi^cly  afte  th^  Uea^ 

tributed  10  the  Growth  of  Cape  Lrehny  im  y    b. ^^^ 


fSWF 


appears,  by  the 
ngArms  upon  any 
ilc  not  only  allow- 
» Religion, but  fuf- 
Honaries  from  Ca- 
ec  cxcrcifcd  Rule 
lal  Matters,  enfor- 
and  Mandates  by 
s ;  whilft  the  only, 
nt  cxercilcd  by  the 
I  to  have  been,  the 
om  time  to  time,oi 
ilclves  for  their  fc- 
ucntly  behared  in 
[hey  thought  them- 
nglijb  Govermpent 

bitants  became  En- 
ty  and  theirOath  of 
or  in  Canada  prc- 
nand  over  them.and 
ditary Attachment  to 
inued  a  diftinftBody 
ptcd  by  the  Engl'tjh 
Defence  of  it ;  and 
th  and  feparate  from 
amilies  could  fettle 
ipted  it ;  the  Confc- 
icrcafcofthefe^ffl- 
King's  Government, 
e,  became  dangerous 
ivince  were  of  much 
icy  had  removed  into 
y  after  the  Treaty  of 
>tock  in  Nova-Scotia 
mts.even  whilft  it  was 
at  the  fame  time  con- 
retov.  by  fupplying  it 
with 


C    19    ] 

with  Provifions ;  whereas  by  removing  intoCanaiii, they 
would  have  been  rather  burdcnfomc  to  it  by  occafioning 
(for  fome  Years  at  leaft)  a  Scarcity  of  Provifions  among 
the  Inhabitants  there. 

In  the  mean  time  the  Ifland  of  Cane  Breton,  which 
it  appears  from  the  NcgoiiationB  of  the  Treaty  of  £/- 
trecht.  France  had  it  much  at  Heart  to  obtain  the   ex- 
clufivc  PoflelTion  of,  was  immediately  begun  to  be  forti- 
ficd  and  fettled  with  French  Inhabitants,  in  doing  which 
no  Colts  or  Pains  was  fparcd  :  A  newColony  was  fet  on 
foot  to  confift  of  Fifliermcn  only  with  fuitablc  Encou- 
ragement ;  the  Town  of  Louisbour^  was  built  and  gar- 
rifcned  :  the  Harbour  made  at  an  immcnfe  Charge  al- 
moft  impregnable ;  and  the  Place  became  fo  national  an 
Obicft,  that  it  was  valued  by  France  equal  to   any  one 
other  of  her  Colonies  ;  and  the   Fifhciy  flourilhed  fo 
faft,  that  they  could  foon  atTord  to  underfcU  x\\tEnglijP 
at  foreign  Markets  :  for  the  Pvctcaion  of  this  Trade, 
Ships  of  War  were  annually  fcnt  from  France,    to  vidt 
and  fupply  the  Settlers  and  Fiiliery  with  what  they 
wantecf,  and  had  Orders  not  only  to  protcft  and  defend 
the  Sea  Coafts  of  this  Ifland  and  the  Gulf  of  ft.    Law- 
rence, and  their  VcfTels  upon  the  Banks  of  JSeivfound- 
land,  &c.  from  Infults,  but  to  keep  up  their  Pretcndon^ 
to  the  fcvcralBanks  either  within  or  -without  theirLine, 
and  make  to  themfelves  a   Privilege  of  Fifliing  where 
they  plcafed,  by  force  of  Cuftom  :  And  fo  early   were 
thefe  Encroachments  on  the  Engitjh  at  Canfo,zn»\  upon 
the  fifiiing  Banks  along  the  Sea  Coaft  of  Nova-Scot: a 
(ftom  which/>fl«cv  was  wholly  excluded  by  an  exprefs 
Article  in  the  Treaty  of  Utrecht)  that  it  was  found  nc- 
ccOary  to  have  one  of  the  King's  Ships  fent  every  Ycar 
irom  England,  and  ftationM  at  Canfo  to  guard   agam^l: 
them  :  And  to  fuch  a  Pitch  had  the   French  advanced 
the  Trade,  Shipping  and  Settlements  of  this  Ifland  by 
the  Year  1744   that  upon  the  breaking  out  of  thenar, 
Mr.  'Duquefnet  . .  a  Governor  of  the   Colony,  within 
threeDays  after  theDeclaration  of  it  arrived  i]oinFrance, 
'  iitted 


i 


C      20      ] 

fitted  out  an  Armament  under  theCommand  of  Mr.*Dt(- 
vivier  from  Louisbourg  (being  favoured  therein  by  the 
cafual  Abfencc  of  the  Canfo  Station  Shin,  omitted  to  be 
fent  that  Year,  as  was  likewilc  the  ufual  Station  Ship  to 
Bojlon)  which  entering  the  Harbour  of  Canfo  about  20 
Leagues  diftant  by  Night,  furprizcd  the  Fort,  burnt  it 
with  the  other  Buildings  there,  deflro^cd  the  Fi/hery 
(as  is  before  obferved)  and  carried  the  Garrifon,  which 
confifted  of  about  80  private  Men  fit  for  Duty,  to  LoU' 
isbourg ;  where,  by  thcTcrms  of  thcirCapituLtion  they 
were  to  remain  Prifoners  of  War  for  one  Year  from  the 
24th  of  May  1 744,  at  the  End  of  which  they  were  to 
be  fent  by  the  f^rcncb  Governor,  cither  to  S4nnapolis 
Royal  or  to  Nctv-Eii^land. 

Ajnrng  the  Artifices  praiflifcd  by  the  French  0^ Can* 
ada,  for  pa\ing  their  Way  to  regain  the  Poffeflion  of 
hlova-Scotia,  and  feize  the  fuft  Opportunity  for  that 
Purpofe  ;  the  following  may  ftrve  as  a  remarkable  Spe» 
ciincn  :  A  iliort  Time  before  the  Declaration  of  War, 
and  when  the  Colonics  were  in  full  Expeftation  of  if, 
the  French  procured  the  Indians  of  St.  7<5/j«'s  River  to 
fend  a  Deputation  of  their  principal  Men  to  the  Com- 
mander in  Chief  of  Annapolis  Royal,  on  pretence  of  re- 
newing the  Covenant  of  Peace  and  Amity  with  his  Go- 
vernment (which  was  accordingly  done  with  the  ufual 
Indian  Formalities)  but  in  reality  10  lull  the  Governor 
into  a  falfe  Security  with  refpeft  to  the  Indians,  and  at 
tl',e  fame  time  gain  Admittance  into  the  Fort,  in  order 
todiCcovcr  the  State  of  it,  and  hold  themfelves  in  readi- 
nefs  to  attack  it,  upon  the  firft  Summons ;  which  they 
did,  and  together  with  the  other  Indians  of  their  River 
compofed  Part  of  the  Body,  which  invefted  the  Fort 
under  the  Command  of  Le  Loutre. 

The  firft  Notice,  the  Englifl)  had  of  Canfo\  being 
taken  and  burnt,  was  brought  to  Bo/ion  by  aFi(herman> 
who  had  defcried,as  he  was  fifhing  upon  a  Bank  oppofite 
the  Ifland,  a  Cloud  of  Smoke  rifing  from  fome  Ruins  ; 
apd  at  the  fame  time  miffed  theSight  of  thcBIock-houfe 

apd 


c 


31 


] 


iimanJ  of  Mr.'DM- 
cd  therein  by  the 
)hip,  omitted  to  be 
fual  Station  Ship  to 
of  Canfo  about  20 
the  Fort,  burnt  it 
dyed  the  Fifhery 
ic  Garrifon,  which 
for  Duty,  to  LoU' 
irCapitulation  they 
one  Year  from  the 
vhich  they  were  to 
ther  to   S4nnapoHs 

he  French  of  Can- 
1  the  Poffefllon  of 
iportunity  for  that 
5  a  remarkable  Snc» 
'eclaration  of  War, 

Expeftation  of  if, 
St.  Johnh^xytx  to 

Men  to  the  Com- 
',  on  pretence  of  re- 
Lmity  with  his  Go-, 
one  with  the  ufual 

lull  the  GoTcrnor 
the  Indians,  and  at 

the  Fort,  in  order 
thcmfelvcs  in  rcadi- 
imons ;  which  they 
Vians  of  their  River 

invefted  the  Fort 

id  of  Canfo^%  being 
hn  by  a  Fi(herman> 
pon  a  Bank  oppofite 
from  fome  Ruins ; 
t  of  thcBIock-houfe 
and 


and  other  Buildings  there,  which  ufed  to  be  ftcn  off*  at 
Sea  from  the  Bank,  he  was  upon  ;  and  this  was  in  a 
Day  or  two  confirmed  by  another  Majfachufetts  Fifli- 
erman,  who  after  being  chaccd  by  a  French  Veflcl,  went 
on  Shore  upon  the  IUand,where  he  found  all  theBuild- 
ings  in  Ruins,  and  that  the  Garrifon,  Inhabitants  and 
and  Cattle  were  removed  off! 

This  Intelligence  left  the  Governor  and  G)uncil  of 
the  Province  cf  Majpxchufetts-Bay  no  room  to  doubt 
/rom  what  Qaarter  the  fudden  Blow  muft  come,  and 
that  the  War,  which  before  was  expelled  to  break  out 
foon  between  Great-Britain  and  France,  had  been  pro- 
claimed in  Europe. 

For  this  Succefs  TV  *Deum  was  fung  at  Paris,  and 
publick  Rejoicings  made,  and  a  pompous  Account  of  it 
was  publi/hed  in  the  /V^nfitPapers ;  which,  as  theCon- 
qucft  conHdercd  in  'tfelf  appeared  but  fmall,  was  impu- 
ted to  a  Vanity  of  magnifying  the  flighteftAftbns  to  the 
World  ;  but  ^"rance  eftimated  it  from  the  Importance, 
which  the  Defiruftion  of  the  EngUJJj  Fifhery,  and  the 
Reduftlon  of  the  whole  Province  oi  Nova-Scstin  would 
be  of  to  her  ;  and  looked  upon  her  SuccefsagainflCaw/5 
as  a  fure  Forerunner  of  the  Rcconqueft  of  the  one,  and 
the  utter  DeHruftion  of  the  other  ;  both  which  they  had 
in  View  to  accomplifli  and  that  her  Hopes  were  not 
without  Foundation  will  appear  from  the  State  of  the 
Province  at  this  Junfturc  :  The  whole  Defence  of  it, 
after  the  Redu£tion  of  Canfo,  confided  in  the  Fort  of 
Annapolis  Royal,  the  Works  of  which  were  of  Earth 
revetted  with  Timber,  but  fo  ruinous  in  fevcral  Parts, 
that  the  Cattle  could  walk  over  them  into  the  Fort ;  and 
the  Garrifon  had  not  above  80  Men  fit  for  Service,  the 
reft  bein^  fuperannuated,  or  Invalids. 

The  following  Circumftances  increafed  the  Alarm 
upon  this  Occafion  :  A  few  Months  before  the  Arrival 
of  this  Account,  the  *  Majfachufetts  Governor  had  re- 
ceived  Letters   from  the  f  Lieutenant   Governor  and 

Cora- 

•  Governor  5^/r/fy,        f  Lieutenant-Governor  W^/ar^w. 


m 


C    «a    J 

Cotmmnder  in  Chief  of  the  Province  of  Nova  Scotia, 
r^Srghim,  that  lu,  Majcny's  Fort  .x  Jnnapoln 
ffi  w«»  in  fo  dcferceleft  a  Condjuon,  and  the  Gar- 
^^  c    LA    that  in  cafe  of  a  fudden  Rupture  with 

SXH,bc  in^Danger  of  falling  into  the  Enemy  sHandr: 
Has  alfo  know?  that  hisMajeay'.  Engineer  iorNova- 
Sc7uahk  in  the  preceeding  Winter  received  Order 
forthc  Vrdofbrdnance,  to  buJld  .  ne>.  Fort  ot 


to  repair  the  Works  of  the  old  Fort. 

This  Account  therefore  of  theMotions  of  thcFrench 
Bare  iuft  Grounds  to  dread  their  following  the  lateBlow, 
fhly^  had  ^.ven  Canfo,  >vith  an   immediate  Attempt  a- 
S  the  fort  of  Jnnapolis  Royal ^  t^e  Rcduftion   of 
Shich  would  have  put  them  into  the  fo^^f^^f'^'l 
Jholc  Country  of  >f ova-Scot. a,    wuh  about  16,000 
/-rLMnhabitant.,  who  were  juftly  fufpefted  of  a  D.f- 
pofitioa  to  join  with  them  againft  the  £^»g!ijff-    ..j.^. 
^Wherefore  to  prevent  the  Garrifon  at^««a/.///J?^>a/ 
from  being  furprized  I  y  the  Enemy,  and  to  appr^e  Mr 
Mafcarcnc  of  ihe  MecefTuy  of  repairing  the  old  Fort  m 
STbeft  manner,  the  ruinou.  State  oi  ^  Works    and 
Ac  ikort  time  he  had  to  do  it   m.  would  admit     the 
Governor  of  the  Mafachufetts  Bay  d.fp-^tcbcd  a"   »  ; 
Bwd  VelTel  in  the  Service  of  the  Province,  to  ^nnfl/»./a 
W,  with  an  Account  of  the  Motions  of  the  French. 
inia  Promife  to  fend  the  Garrifon  a  fpcedy  Rem- 

%*;Sa"this  Emergency  likewife  he  rcprefented  to  tl« 
AfleiSbly  the  imminent  Danger,  his  Majedy  s  Fort  at 
^nnJis-Koyal.  with  the  Me  Province  of  N^a. 
Scotil  was  in ;  and  prefled  them  to  enable  bjm Jo  iemi 
it  immediate  Succours  ;  whereupon  wuh  'bc'^  ui"«J 
Rcadmefs  to  exert  themfelves  upon  all  OccaGons  foi 
SfMajefty's  Service  and  the  commou  caufe,  they  gran- 


:  of  Nova  Scotia, 
rort  at  Annapolis 
ion,  and  ihe  Gar- 
len  Rupture  with 
y  Affiftance   from 
le  Encn^y'sHandf : 
Engineer  i'oTNova- 
:r  received  Orders 
Jld  a  new  Fort  of 
I  the  Scafon  would 
lay  tl>e  Foundati- 
rrilon  Icfs  attentive 

lions  of  the  French 
wing  the  lateBlow, 
(\edia(c  Attempt  a- 
the  Rcduftion  of 
cPoflcfflon  of  the 
mh  about  16,000 
fufpefted  of  a  Dif- 
5  Englijb. 

ti  ;xx^nnafoUsRoyal 
,  and  to  apprize  Mr. 
ring  the  old  Fort  in 
o?  its  Works,  and 
would  admit  ;  the 
^  difpaichcd  an  ar- 
)vince,  to  Annapolis 
ions  of  the  French, 
)n  a  fpcedy  Rein- 

e  reprefcnted  to  the 
IS  Majedy's  Fort  a5 
Province  of  Nova- 
I  enable  him  to  fend 
in  with  their  ufual 
in  all  Occafions  foi 
^oa  caufe,  they  gran- 
ted 


C    «3    ] 

ted  a  Bounty  and  other  Encouragement?  for  four  C«m- 
panics  of  Volunteers  of  60  private  Men  each  to  inlift,^ 
r')gcthcr  with  three  Months  Provifioni,  and  the  Cofts  of 
their  Tranfportation  ;  but  at  the  Charge  of  maintaining 
the  Garrifons  of  thatProvincc  appertained  to  the  Crown, 
they  left  the  Pay  for  the  Ofliccrs  and  Men  to  be  pro- 
vided for  by  the  Governor ;  who  accordingly  proceeded 
to  raife  them  with  the  utmort  Expedition.upon  the  Faith 
of  his  Proclamation  :  but  as  the  Urgency  of  the  Service 
would  not  admit  of  ftaying  till  the  whole  Complement 
could  be  raifed,  and  theFatc  of  the  Province  was  brought 
to  a  Crifis ;  as  foon  as  80  of  them  could  be  got  ready  10 
cmbark.which  was  within  a  fewDays,  he  fcnt  thetn  under 
Convoy  of  the  Mafachufetts  Snow  of  1 6  Carriage  Guns 
to  Annapolis  Royal,  where  upon  their  Arrival  thw  found 
the  Fort  had  been  inverted  eleven  Days  by  a  Body  of 
about  foo  Indians  mix'dwith  a  few  Fr/^nch  lahahttants 
in  Indian  Difguifc,  and  the  Piieft  Le  Loutre  at  their 
Head  :  ThisEncmy,though  without  Artillery  for  making 
regular  Breaches,  yet  as  the  Works  were  ruinous  and 
aflailablc  almoft  on  every  Side,  attacked  it  without  In- 
tcrmiOion.but  chiefly  in  thcNight ;  whereby  thcGarnfon 
was  kept  in  a  continualAlarm  in  cvcryQuarter,  and  both 
Officers  and  Men  were  fo   harraOcd   and   worn  out  by 
conftant  Fatigue  of  Duty  and  continual   Watches,  that 
they  could  not  have  held  out  many  Days  longrr  :  And 
it  was  perhaps  in  fomc  degree  owing  to  the  Barbarity  of 
•a  favage  Foe,  and  the  Reproach  which  would  have  ari- 
fen  from  the  Ring's  Fort's  bein^  given  up,  by  aGamfon 
of  regular  Troops,  to  an   undifciplincd  Indian  Rout, 
with  a  Prieft  at  their  Head,  together  with  the  daily  Ex- 

eiftation  of  Succours  from  Be/ton,  that  they  held  out  in 
efencc  of  the  Fort  fo  long  as  they  did. 
•  Upon  the  Appearance  of  this  Rcinforcemenr  in  the 
Barinof^««fl^5//r,andtheSnow'i  faltiting  the  Fort 
•with  aDifcharge  of  its  Cannon,  thclndians  were  thrown 
into  fuch  Confufionand  Panic,  that  they  not  only  made 
a  precipitate  Retreat,  and  gave  the  Troops  an  Opportu- 


*<• 


l 

t! 


C   »4  3 

nity  of  landing  and  marching  into  the  Fort,  without  the 
leait  Oppoiition,  but  foon  aficr  diljKrfcd,  aod  could  not 
be  brought  back  to  give  the  Garrilon  any  Molcrtation, 
till  Mr.  7)uvivier*t  Attempt  aaainft  it  twoMonths  after. 

This  Relief  gave  the  Garrilon  time  to  breathe,  «nd 
repair  the  Works  of  the  Fott,  and  kept  the  French  lri« 
haoitants,  who  by  this  Vi(it  from  Bojlon  were  pcrfunJcJ 
that  the  Garrifon  would  be  tff'cftually  fupportcd/m  luch 
refpeft.that  upon  the  Departure  of  the  Indians  ihey  re- 
newed their  Communication  with  it,  and  readily  furuilh- 
^  whatever  Materials  and  Workmen  were  wanted  for 
ftrengthening  the  Fort ;  and  fupplicd  the  Garrilon  with 
Refrefhmcnts. 

Soon  after  this  the  Mafachufitts  Governor  fcnt  to 
Annapolis  Royals  fccond  Party  of  too  of  the  ncM  rai- 
fcdSuccours,  with  an  armcdBrigantine  belonging  to  the 
Province  ;  which  Reinforcement  put  the  Garrifon  into  a 
State  of  Security  agalnft  an  Indian  Enemy,and  the  Fort 
by  this  time  was  fo  much  flrcngthcncd,  that  it  was  not 
to  be  reduced  without  a  Train  of  Artillery. 

The  fourth  Company  was  dcfigncd  to  be  compofed 
wholly  oi  Indians,  if  portible,  to  be  employed  in  Icout- 
ing  Parties,  through  every  Part  of  the  Pen'nlula  both  by 
Land  andWater,  for  which  Service  they  were  to  be  pro- 
tided  with  two  Row-Gallies,  fo  that  the  raifing  and  fit- 
ting this  Company  out  took  up  more  Time  than  the 
other  three. 

Whilft  thefe  Operations  »vcre  carrying  on,  Mr,  7)w- 
*oivier,  who  commanded  iheArmament  upon  thcDcfccnt 
againft  Car^o,wiS  fent  by  *  Mr.  'Duquc/nel, immcd\ite\y 
after  his  Return  from  that  Expedition,  upon  another 
againft  Placentia  in  Newfoundland  :  This  Attempt,  in 
which  he  was  difappointcd  by  contrary  Winds,  made  a 
very  happyDiverfion  in  favour  of  Nova-Scotia  ;  where 
it  was  apprehended  he  would  have  immediately  proceed* 
ed  upon  the  Redu^ion  of  Can/o  ;  had  he  done  that,  he 
would  have  furprized  the  Fort  and  Garrifon  at  jinnapo- 
lis  Royal  as  he  did  that  at  Canfo  ;  before  they  had  got 

any 

•  Governor  ^t  Cafi-Dntm, 


e  Fort,  without  the 
rfcJ,  aoil  coulJ  not 
any  Molcrtation, 
it  twoMonthi  after. 
ic  to  breathe,  nnd 
cpt  the  French  In* 
Hon  were  pcrfunJcJ 
y  fupportcd/m  luch 
ic  Indians  they  rc- 
md  readily  furuid)- 
i  were  wanted  for 
d  the  Gurrifbn  with 

r  Governor  fcnl  to 
1 00  of  the  ncA'  ral« 
ne  belonging  to  the 
:  the  Garrifun  into  a 
inemy.and  the  Fort 
icd,  that  it  was  not 
tillcry. 

cd  to  be  comjpofeJ 
employed  in  Icout* 
c  Peninfula  both  by 
icy  were  to  be  pro* 
the  raidng  and  fit- 
re   Time   than  the 

rrying  on,  Mr.  7)w- 
nt  upon  thcDcfccnt 
ottc^^/jimnicdiatcly 
ition,  upon  another 
.•  This  Attempt,  in 
iry  Winds,  made  a 
ova -Scott a  ;  where 
imcdiately  proceed* 
d  he  done  that,  he 
rarrifon  at  jinnapo- 
zfore  they  had  got 
any 


C    »r    ] 

any  Notice  of  the  Declaration  of  War,  or  were  in  (h« 
Itail  apprifed  of  his  coming. 

It  was  indeed  an  Error  in  Mr.  *Duquefnel^%  Conduft, 
that  he  did  not  ftrike  his  firft  Blow  at.  4»inapoin  Riytil ; 
hi<  Forces,  in  conjunction  with   Le   Loutre*%    Indians, 
m«ft  at  that  Time  have  frciircd  tlic  Conqueft  of  it,  be* 
fore  any  other  of  the  Englijb  Colonies.or  even  the  Gar* 
rilbu  at  Canfo  could  have  gained  Intelligence  of  the  At- 
tempt ;  this  would  have  put    him  in    Poni-fTion  of  the 
whole  Province,  except  Canfo,  with  4  or  yooo  fighting 
Men  ready  to  join  him  ;    and  the  Redu^ion  of  Canjft 
after  that  could  not  have  been  a  matter  of  the  leaft  Dif- 
ficulty ;  his  Omilfion  to  avail  himfclf  of  fo    favourable 
an  ()pportunity  for  making  3nAc(|uifition  of  this  impor- 
tant Province  at  one  Stroke,    fotins   to  have  proceeded 
from  his  too  eagerly  grafnlng  at  Pldcentia,  and  the  De- 
rtruftion  of  the  Enflijh  Fifhery  at    Nerv/oundland,  al- 
mod  at  the  fame  Inltant  ;  but  to  whatfocvcr  Caufc  it  wai 
Owing,  it  was  certainly  the  Prcfcrvation  of  Nova-Scotia 
by  giving  an  Opportunity  for  relieving  it  with  Soccotirs 
from  Bojflon. 

Upon  Mr.  'Duvivier^s  RetUrn  from  the  Expedition  a- 
gainll  P/actntia,  which  was  towards  the  latter  End  of 
.4ugujf,  Mr.  'Duque/nei  lod   no  Time  for    making  aii 
Attempt  againft  .Annapolis  Royal ;  and  for  thafPurpofc 
difpatchcd  Mr.  7?!/t'«v/>r  with  (bmc  Troops  from  Liu- 
isbourg  to  BcauBaJln  ;  there  he  landed,  and  being  join- 
ed by' the  Indians,  viho  waited  his  Arrival    at   Minas, 
})rocccd<jd  with  a  Body  of  about  700  Men  to  Annapolis 
Royal,  and  invclled  the  Fort,  in    Expeftation   of  being 
foon  followed  up  the  Bay  of  FUnda  by    three   FrcnJ) 
Men  of  War  of  70,  56  and  30  Guns,  wiih   280  more 
Land  Forces,  and  a  large  Train  of  Artillery  and   Ord- 
nance Stores,  that  Mr.  T>uquefncl  then  depended    upon 
lending  him  out  of  the  Sqiiadron,  which  at   that  Time 
lay  iri  Louisbourg  Harbbur,  and  was  dcftined  to  convoy 
the  tVeJl  Indiatica  iri  their  Return  to  France  :  Thefb 
did  not  follow  him  ;  if  they  had,  it  wo\ild  have  enabled 

t>  hm 


C     a6    ] 

liim  fa  form  a  rfgular  Sicac  by  Land  and  Water  anmft 
the  Fort.and  in  alUVobability  to  have  carried  it  :   How- 
ever  W.'Dnvtvur,  by  airuring   Mr.   Ma/mrene  in  a 
Letter,  that  the  F>  ench  iih\\n  were  ah  cad  v  got    to  the 
Mouth  of  the  Bay,   and    that    thoiiuh  he  Ihould  ltd  of 
thi*cxpc£iedReiaforccnicnt,hc  was  detci  mined  «o  lyend 
the  Winter  in  the  Siege,  i'o  far  fucccedc«l,   ai   i"  brinj^ 
Mr.  Miijiartre  to  treat  with  him  about  a  Sui»\;udcr  ot 
the  Fort,  in  calo  of  the  Arrival  of  thofc  Shipt,  with  the 
Land  Forces  and  OrdnanccStores  which  he  afTured  him, 
ihcy  had  on  board  ;  but  this  Treaty  breaking  ofl  uinin 
Mr.  'Duvivii'r'%  infilling  «t  lafl,  that  the  Fort   Ihould  be 
mmeduitely  put  into  his  Hands  upon  his  Promiic  to  re- 
deliver PoiPeirion  of  it,  if  the  cxpcaedArmament  did  not 
arrive  by  a  Time  limited  ;  and  thcGairifon  iroll  omwr- 
tuncly  receiving  a  further  Reinforcement  by  the  Com- 
pany i)f  Indian  Rangers  about  the  fame  Time  from  the 
CJovcrnor  of  the  MaJ/achufetts  Bay,  the  French  Com- 
mandant dcfpairing  of  tiic  Arrival  of  the  VclTels  with 
the  Troops,  Aitillery  and  Stores,  decamped  and  retired 
to  Minas,  with  an  Intent  (as  ir  was  then   apprehended) 
to  winter  there,  and  work  upon  the  Inhabitants  to  join 
with  him  in  an  Attempt  agamll  theGarrifon  early  in  the 
Spring  ;  of  their  readmcls  to  do  which,  their  Behaviour 
ever  (incc  the  Time  of  hi^  having  entered  Minas,  they 
had  given  great  Reafon  to  fufuc^t  them. 

To  prevent  this  by  diflodgmg  Mr.  'Dirvivier  and  his 
Parry  from  their  Wintc.  ^  :■•  ut".,  and  guard  the  Badn 
of  Annapolis  Royal  agp'r  fl'j '  A' ;?mpt  by  '•^'•a  with  any 
fmall  Vclfels  of  War,  .lU' ;•.  u/.^ht  be  fitted  out  from 
tout  'ouri^.  the  Governor  of  I  he  Mafachufetts  Day 
(who  was  then  unacquainted  with  the  Arrival  of  the 
Frensh  Squadron  there  )  determined  to  fend  to  Anna- 
polis-Royal, though  it  was  very  late  in  the  Year,  an  ar- 
med Siicvv,  Brigantinc  and  Sloop  belonging  to  the  Pro- 
▼incc,  with  Orders  to  take  in  fome  fmall  Cannon  and 
Mortars,  with  flich  a  Detachment  of  Soldiers  from  the 
Garrifon,  as  Mr.  Mafcarene  could  fparc,  and  proceed 

to 


■«»■ 


ind  Water  aminft 
carricti  U  :   How- 
Mafiartnt  in  a 
ready  go{   to  the 
he  mould  i'i.\  jf 
cA  mined  to  (j  «nd 
lc«l,   at    u.  brinj^ 
t  A  Suit  wilder  ot 
\'c  Shipi,  with  the 
h  he  artiircd  him, 
breaking  ofl  iukmi 
c  Fort   Ihould  be 
his  Promiic  to  rc- 
\rmBiTtcnt  did  not 
rifon  iroll  onpor- 
ent  by  the  Com- 
ic Time  from  the 
the  French  Com- 
the  Velfels  with 
amped  and  retired 
len   apprehended) 
nhabitants  to  join 
rrifon  early  in  the 
1,  their  Behaviour 
ercd  Minas,  they 
n. 

'Dirvivier  and  his 
d  Ruard  the  Ba(in 
It  by  '"p  A'ith  any 
)C  fitted  out  from 
taj/achufdts  Day 
lie  Arrival  of  the 
to  fend  to  jinna^ 
n  the  Year,  an  ar- 
jnging  to  the  Pro- 
fmall  Cannon  and 
Soldiers  from  the 
pare,  and  proceed 
to 


C  »7  3 

to  MiiiatM  order  to  land  them  with  .Party  of  Se.i men 
and  drive  Mr. '/?'n'/t)/Vr  from  thence  ;  and  m  the  mean 
lime  acquainted  Mr.  Mnrcartne  with  this  DcOgn. 

Whillt  thcfe  PrcpaMtions  were  making  at  Bojlon  m 
the  litter  End  of  OA^*/r,  the  Governor  had  Inielhgence 
broucht  him  by  a  Fifhcrman  from  theUleot  S^«'/^.''>f 
he  had  fccn  forty  Hour*  before  three  Frtnch  VcfleU 
Handing  up  the  Bay  of  Funda  ;  thefc  were  tound  af. 
terwards  to  be  a  Banker  of  about  400  Ton  with  aRrig- 
amine  and  Sloop,  which  }Au 'Dujuffnel  '^}fon  being 
Jifappointed  of  AmiUnce  from  the  Men  of  War  had  ht- 
ted  out  tfom  Loutsbourg  in  a  warlike  Manner,  aiid  or. 
der'd  to  proceed  up  the  Bay  of  Funda  wuh  Ordn.mce 
Stores  for  attacking  thcFort  at  Mnapoln  Komi  bybea, 
whilll  Mr.  Tiuvtvitr,  whom  he  fuppoftd  they  would 
find  before  the  Fort,  attacked  it  by  Land  ;  whereupon 
the  Governor  of  the  Ma[fachufcttt  Bay  difpatched.  the 
Day  following,  a  Schooner  to  Mr  Mafcarcnc  with  Ad. 
vice  of  the  Defigiis  of  the  French,  and  Ainiranccs  that 
he  would  fend  the  three  armed  VcfTols  bcfore-mcntioncd, 
all  well  appinted,  in  fourDays  to  his  Alfidance. 

The  French  VcfTcIs  accordingiy  ariivcd  at  the  Nar- 
rows below  the  liaiin  of  Annapol'u,  where  they  came 
to  an  Anchor  till  they  could  get  Informnion  whether 
Mr.  'Duvivier,  was  llill  before  the  Fort  :  I  wo  Days 
after,  the  En^H/h  Schooner,  which  carried  the  Dilpat- 
chcs  for  Mr.  Mafcarene.  incautiouAy  tell  m  among 
them  in  the  Night  Time  ;  and  the  Maaer  in  his  Sur- 
nri7.e  (ufTcred  the  Governor's  Difpatchcs  to  fall  into  tlic 
Enemy's  Hands  ;  the  EHea  of  this  was,  that  xhthrench 
Commodore  finding  Mr.  'Diivhitr  had  retired  from  be- 
fore  the  Fort,  and  that  a  Naval  Force  was  coming  after 
him  from  Bofton,  cut  his  Cable  and  immediately  mm- 
tcd  the  Bay,  and  by  that  means  cfcapeil  the  M#'<^/J"- 
Jetts  Vefets,  which  entered  the  Bay  foon  after  he  had 

gdt  out  of  it.  ..4.1 

The  Mafachufetts  VefTels  upon   their   Arrival  af 

Annapolis  Kcyal  attempted  to  look  into  \lc  ^ ''"''/'^ 


C   28   ] 

J\linas  and  Schicgne^o  in  qncfl:  cf  Mr.  'Duvivitr  and 
his  Party,  according  to  their  Ciders  from  Bojlon  ;  and 
to  afTid  thelnhabitants  in  ftich  manner  asMr.  Mafcarcne 
fliould  direft  :  But  the  Seafon  being  very  tempeltuous, 
the  Navigation  of  the  Bay  exceeding  dangerous,  and 
Mr.  Mafcareno.  having  received  certain  Advice,  ihat  the 
Indians  were  difpei  fed,  and  Mr.  2)«vmVr  gone  with 
the  Remainder  of  his  Party  to  Louisbourg  (as  in  Faft  he 
was)  after  flaying  at  Annapolis  till  the  latterEnd  of  Jar 
nuary  to  countenance  the  Garrlfon^and  keep  the  French 
Inhabitants  in  a  proper  Rcfpeft  and  Awe,  reurncid  to 
Mofton. 

Mr.  "Duvivier  having  retired  to  Minas,  the  Com- 
pany of  Rangers  was  polled  without  the  Fort,under  the 
Cover  of  the  Cannon,  and  fecured  by  fuch  further  De- 
fence, as  could  be  immediately  raifed  with  Pickets  and 
other  flight  Works;  which  manper  of  pofling  them  was 
better  adapted  for  the  Service  ihey  were  to  be  employed 
in,  at  the  fame  time.that  it  was  more  agreeable  to  them 
jhan  to  be  lodged  in  Barracks  within  the  Fort. 

Before  their  Arrival,  the  Garrifon  was  confined  with- 
in the  AValls  01  the  Fort,  fo  that  the  Spot  upon 
which  it  flood  might  juflly  be  faid  to  be  the  only 
one  in  the  Province,  which  they  were  Mailers  of  :  But 
thefe  Indians  under  the  Management  of  Officers  who 
imdcrftood  the  proper  Ufe  of  them,  and  to  whofe  Or- 
ders they  were  perfectly  obedient,  foon  freed  it  from 
tliat  Relltainr,  and  were  in  many  other  BefpeAs  of  in- 
finite Scivicc  to  it  :  By  their  fudden  Excurfions  (fre- 
c]ucntly  made  in  the  Night  Time)  into  different  Parts 
of  the  Province  cither  by  Land  Marches,or  Defcents  in 
rhcir  Row-Gallics,  they  gained  Intelligence  of  theMor 
tions  of  the  Enemy,  and  Iccret  Correfpondence  kept  up 
between  them  and  the  Inhabitants,  and,  when  Occafion 
reqiired,  fcizcd  fnch  of  the  latter,  as  appeared  to  be 
Ringleaders  and  i!ie  moft  dangerous  among  them  ;  by 
which  n^eans,  and  (bmetiiiies  by  fyrprizingPartics  of  the 

Cape 


Vfr.  *Duvh'ter  and 
from  Bojlon ;  and 
r  asMr.  Mafcarcne 

very  tempeltuous, 
'^  dangerous,  and 
in  Advice,  ihat  the 
uvivier  gone  with 
bourg  (as  in  Faft  he 
le  latterEnd  of  yar 
id  keep  the  French 

Awe,  reurned  to 

Minas,  the  Com- 
the  Fort,under  the 
)y  fuch  further  Dc- 
d  with  Pickets  and 
)f  polling  them  was 
ere  to  DC  employed 
B  agreeable  to  them 

the  Fort. 

was  confined  with- 
lat  the  Spot  upon 
d  to  be  the  only 
!rc  Mailers  of  :  But 
nt  of  Officers  who 

and  to  whofe  Or- 
foon  freed  it  from 
her  BefpeAs  of  in- 
en  Excurfions  (frc- 
into  different  Parts 
rches,or  Defcents  in 
Uigence  of  the  Mor 
efpondence  kept  up 
and,  when  Occafion 
as  appeared  to  be 

among  them ;    by 

prizingPartics  of  the 

Cape 


[     29     J 

Cape  Sahle  Indians, y\h\ch  were  found  in  the  neighbour- 
ing \Voods,they  not  onlv  became  aTerror  to  thcfrench 
Inhabitants,  but  to  the  Indians  too  ;  and  the  Garrifon 
Troops,  by  going  out  with  them  in  Parlies,  were  like- 
wife  made  ferviceable  in  that  Duty. 

To  thefe  timely  Reinforcements  and  Succours,  the 
Governor  and  his  Majefty's  Council  of  Nova-Scotia  in 
their  Letter  of  Thanks  to  the  Governor  ef  the  MaJfO' 
chufetts  Bay  impute  the  Prefervation  ot  his  Majefty*s 
Garrifon  and  the  whole  Province  from  falling  into  the 
Enemy's  Hands  that  Year  ;  and  his  Majefty,  upon  hav- 
ing an  Account  of  the  Proceedings  for  the  Prefervation 
ot  the  Province  laid  before  him,  was  nleafed  in  Council 
to  declare  his  Royal  Approbation  of  his  Conduft  there- 
in, and  that  his  Majefty  would  ftand  to  thcEngagements 
which  he  had  made  upon  this  Occafion  in  his  Name  ; 
and  a  Copy  of  his  Majefty's  Royal  Declaration  was  ac- 
cordingly tranfmitted  to  him  at  Bojlon  under  theSeal  of 
the  Council  Office. 

Whilft  thefe  Matters  were  in  Agitation,  a  Flag  of 
Truce  arrived  fome  Time  in  ^ugujl  at  Boflon  from 
Louis  bourg  with  Englijh  Prifoners  to  be  exchanged,and 
Difpatchcs  from  Mr.  'Duqurfnel  to  the  MaJJachufetts 
Governor,  who  learned  from  the  former,  that  the  Canft 
Soldiers  were  confined  very  clofe  in  unwholcfome  Pri- 
fons,  and  fufTercd  great  Hardfliips,  by  which  fome  had 
died,  .ind  others  been  forced  into  the  French  Service ; 
and  in  the  Letter,  Mr.  'Duqiiefnel  propofcd  to  him  a 
Neutrality  between  the  French  and  Englijh  Colonies, 
'io  Ux  as  related  to  the  Fiftiery  ;  as  alfo  that  for  the  fu- 
ture the  fifliing  VefTels  of  each  Nation  ftiould  carry  on 
thrir  fiftiing  and  profccute  their  Voyages  unmoleftcd  by 
the  other  ;  in  Anfwer  to  this  Propofal,  the  MaJJachu- 
fetts Governor  told  him,  he  could  not  avoid  exprefTuig 
fome  Sur prize,  that  after  he  had  taken  and  butntCflf;i/2', 
deftroycd  the  whole  Englijh  Fiftiery  along  that  Coaft, 
and  made  theFiflicrmanPrifbncrs,  contrary  to  the  Trea- 
ty of  Neutrality  concluded  in  1 686  between  the  two 

King- 


^- 


[    3^    1 
Kincaoms,  he  ftioMld  propofc  one  upon  the  Foot  of  a 

Sr  and  eten  without  offering  to  indemnjfy  t^c  £«?- 
J^fc^  the  Ihi^ges  they  had^lreudy  futtafned  by  h.s 
KS^fJl  LisboU  ;  that  l^e  wa.  obhge    l^ce- 
wifc  to  acquaint  him,  he  was  forty  /o  hftar,  h.s  Ma 
Sy'TtIps  which  were  made  Pnfoners  at  Can fb  by 

tkW^h^c  few  or  none  of  his  Troops  Idt  to  be  re 
turned  at  the  E«d  of  the  Year  ;  that  as  he  doubted  not 

with  Miration  and^  Humanity  towards  thofc  who 
ftould  have  the  Misfortune  to  be  made  Pnfoncrs  on  c- 
Ser  Side,  and  a  due  Regard  to  the  R.ghts  of  each 
Cro.'t  its  Subjefts,  wh?fho«ld  be  ^--^^^f^^ll^y 
Capitulation,  he  would  propofe  that  the  Ca.^.  Troq^ 
aJixAA  be  fent  to  Bofion  as  foon  as  might  be,  ana  ne 
W^W  be  nfwerable^hat  both  Officers  and  Sold^^^s 
ES  uerform  the  Conditions,  upon  which  thcv  fur- 
feSerer  and  he  hoped  Mr.'DumM  v^oul^nyc 

would  eafe  the  Government  of  ./>fl«^^  f  J^e  ^''P^"'" 
of  maintaining  them,  the  Remainder  of  the  Year. 

The  French  Governor,  upon  receiving  this  Propofal. 

acquainted  the  EngUP  Officers  witlj  it  ;  and  let    hem 

know,  he  fhould  accede  to  it,  upon  their  giving  her  1  a- 

roTe  that  neither  they   nor   the   Soldiers  ftoudf^^^^^^^ 

ncninft  the  French  for  the  Space  oi  one  \ea   alter  the 

E^t':  of  th.t.for  which  tW had  a^ced  by  the A^^^ 

tides  of  Capitulation  to  remam  Pnfoncrs  :    And   upon 

t  eh-  obieftiL  to  ir,  he  told  them,  that  as  their  rem  in- 

^[iLouhLr^  would  be  inconvenient,  he  niould,  f 

hev  d^  not    ccJpt  ot  the  (e  t.cw  Terms  be  obliged   to 

fcnlthl  to£,X,  from  whence  ..ould  be  .mpra^. 


L 


on  the  Foot  of  a 
nors  of  two  Colo- 
Icmnify  the  Eng-- 
yfuttaincd  by  his 
;  was  obliged  like- 
to  hear,  his  Ma- 
foncrs  at  Can/h  by 
jr\Vent  fuch  Hard- 
mrg,  as  deflVoyed 

■  Relief,  to  engage 
by  the  Articles  of 
idhisMajefty  was 
oops  left  to  be  rc- 
t  as  he  doubted  not 

■  theWar  carried  on 
owards   thofe,  who 
ide  Prifoncrs  on  ci- 
hc  Rights   of  each 
e  made  Prifoners  by 
t  the  Canfo  Troops 
s  might  be,  and  he 
fficers  and  Soldiers 
on  which  thev  fur- 
itmiefnel  would  have 
5  lending  them  away 
ince  of  the  Expence 
r  of  the  Year. 
:eiving  this  Propofal, 
h  it  -,  and  let  them 
their  giving  their  Pa- 
oldiers  fliould  fervc 
)!"  one  Year  after  the 
ad  agreed  by  the  Ar- 
foners  :    And   upon 
that  as  their   rcmain- 
cnient,  he  fliould,  if 
rcrms,  be  obliged   to 
itv-Guldbe  imprafti- 

cuble 


C    3»     J 

cable  for  them  to  get  Home  long  before  the  Time,  he 
propofed  to  them. 

Though  the  French  Governor's  cxa^ng  from  tlie 
Officers  this  new  Agreement,  whereby  the  King  was  to 
be  deprived  of  the  Service  of  his  Troops  one  Year  lon- 
ger than  ihey  had  furrendered  themfelves  for,  was  a 
manifefl  Infringement  of  the  Articles  of  the  Capitula- 
tion, and  what  the  Officers  had  no  right  to  confeac  to  ; 
yet  they  thought  it  for  his  Majefly's  Service  to  fubmic 
to  it ;  and  accordingly  gave  their  Parole  ;  upon  which 
the  Troops  were  fent  to  Bojlon. 

Upon  the  Arrival  of  the  Officers  there  the  Governor 
of  the  Majpxclmfetts-Bay  gained  fuch  Intelligence  of 
the  State  of  Louisbourg,  as  with  other  Motives  induced 
him  to  entertain  a  DeHgn  of  forming  an  Expedition  a- 
gainft  it  early  in  the  fucceeding  Year. 

Thefe  Motives  were  as  follows  : 

With  regard  to  the  State  of  Louisbourg,  it  appeared 
that  the  Garrifon  and  Inhabitants  mud  be  diftrefted  in 
a  ffiort  Time  for  want  of  Provifions,  hav'mg  been  a  few 
Weeks  before  exhaufted  by  furnifiiing  the  Eaft  India  ■ 
Fleet  and  Squadron,  which  convoyed  it,  with  Supplies 
for  profccuting  their  Voyage  to  France. — That  the 
Troops  of  the  Garrifon,  which  confided  only  of  fiK 
Companies  of  Marines  and  one  S^i/s  of  loo  Men  each 
were  lliort  of  Complement,  and  badly  difciplined,  the 
whole  greatly  difcontentqd,  and  the  Company  of  Swi/s 
very  mutinous ;  that  the  Inhabitants  were  but  few,  and 
moft  of  them  unacciuainted  with  the  Ufe  of  Fire  Arms ; 
that  fevcral  Parts  ot  the  Forti6cations  were  out  of  Re- 
pair, particularly  the  Grand  Battery,  which  had  one 
End  almolt  open,  occafioned  by  a  new  Work's  being 
unfiniflicd,  and  many  other  Parts  of  it  extremely  low, 
and  the  whole  commanded  by  a  Hill  clofe  behind  it.— 
That  Mr.  T^utchambon,  who  fucceeded  Mr.  'Duyuef- 
nel,  then  lately  dead,  as  Governor  of  the  Colony,  was 
wholly  unflcilled  in  the  Defence  of  a  FojtiBcatbn,  the- 
Engineer  abfcnt,  and  the  other  Officers  not  much  ufed . 

to 


I 


C 


3- 


] 


to  militaryDifcipline  ;  and  that  thcirNumber  of  Troops 
was  fo  fniull,  as  put  it  intircly  out  of  their  Power  to  de- 
fend the  feveral  Parts,  ihcy  were  liable  to  be  attacked 
Jn.— That   thoogh  the  Harbour  was  ftrongly  fortified, 
there  were  many  convenient  Places   in  Chapeau  Rouge 
Bay  for  landing  Troops.Cannon  and  Stores  on  the  back 
Side  of  Louisbourg,  free  from  any  Annoyance,  and  lay- 
ing up  the  Tranfports  in  fuch  manner,  that  the  Troops 
might  have  it  in  their  Power  toRctreat  to  them  upon  an 
Emergency  ;  that  the  City    ^'  Louisbourg  had  rio  Bat- 
teries upon  the  Land  Side ;  and  the  Extent  bf  it  was  fo 
fmall,  that  every  Houfe  in  it  was  expoled  tc)  the  Bombs 
and  Cannon   of  the  Bcfiegers  ;  which  muft  oblige  both 
Inhabitants  and  Soldiers  when  off'Duty.to  retire  into  the 
Cafmates,  that  were  extremely  damp  and  unwhollome. 
—That  the  Grand  Battery,  which  could  not  make  any 
Defence   by  Land,    and  from    the  befcve-mentioned 
State  of  it  appeared  not  to  be  tenable,  when  attacked 
on  that  Side,  would  probably  be  dcferted  on  the  firft 
Approach  of  an  Eiicmy  ;  and  that  by  getting  Poireifidn 
ot   it,  and  erefting  Fafcino  Batteries  near  the  Light- 
Houfe,  and  in  other   convenient  Places,  it  would   be 
difficult,  if  not  imprafticablc  for  any  Ships  to  enter  the 
Harbour  againft  the  Fire  from  them.— Upon  all  which 
Accounts   it  was  extremely   improbable  that   the  Place 
.  fhould  hold  out  long  againft  a  Body  of  3  or  4000  Men 
without  Succours  from  France,  which   might  be  pre- 
vented from  receiving  Intelligence  of  its  Clrcumftances 
in  Time  to  fend  it  Relief,  by  the  armed  VelTeis,  which 
might  be  coUefted  in  the  Colonies,  and  would  be  a 
fufficient  Force  to  intercept  whatever  might  come  from 
Canada,  as  alfo  any  Merchant  Ships  with  Provifiorts 
from  France  in  the  Spring. 

The  other  Motives,  which  induced  the  Governor  to 
think  of  forming  an  immediate  Expedition  againft  it, 
were— That  Mr.  *Duvivler  was  fent  by  Mr. 'Duque/nel, 
a  ftiort  Time  before  his  Death,  to  France,  in  order  to 
reprefent  to  the  GoYernrnenc  the   weak  Condition  of 

s/l7mafoIis 


^Iumbf  r  of  Troops 
their  Power  to  dc- 
iblc  to  be  attacked 
i  ftrongly  fortified, 
in  Chapeau  Rouge 
Stores  on  the  back 
nnoyancc,  and  lay- 
!r,  that  the  Troops 
;at  to  them  upon  an 
sbcurg  had   rio  Bat- 
Extent  of  it  was  fo 
poled  tc>  the  Bombs 
ch  mufl:  oblige  both 
uty.to recite  into  the 
p  and  unwholfome. 
:ould  not  make  any 
e  before-mentioned 
ble,  when  attacked 
Icferted  on  the  firft 
jy  getting  PolfelTtoin 
■ies  near  the  Light- 
Maces,  it  would   be 
^  Ships  to  enter  the 
n. — Upon  all  which 
>able  that   the  Place 
{  of  3  or  4000  Men 
'hich    might   be  pre- 
of  its  Clrcumflances 
irmed  VelTels,  which 
e$,  and   would  be  a 
er  might  come  from 
hips  with  Provifioiis 

:ed  the  Governor  to 
Expedition  againft  it, 
nt  by  Mr. 'Duque/nel, 
France,  in  order  to 
weak  Condition  of 
^7mapolis 


t  «  ] 

Anndpolii  Royal,  and  Statf  of  the  whole  Province  of 
No-m  Scotia ;  and  to  procure  anArmamcnt  from  thence 
early  the  next  Year  to  make  an  Attempt  aguinfl  it  : — ■ 
That  thcNew-England  F'tjhery  was  wholly  dc^royed  j 
»i  would  likewife  the  Trade  of  the  Northern  Colonies 
be  by  the  Frehch  Ships  of  War  and   Privateers  from 
Z<?tt//^OMr^  the  Year  following  ;  that  theReduftion  of 
Louisbourg  would  be  the  moft  cffeftual  Means   of  fe^ 
citring  NrOa'Scotia,  restoring  the  Englijh  Fijbery,  and 
deRroying  that  of  the  French,  and  protefting  the  Trade, 
of  the  Colonies  :  and  would   facilitate  the  Conquejl  of 
Canada  itfelf,  if  that  fhould  be  thought  proper   to  l5e 
ittempted  in  the  fucceeding  Year  :  But  in  cafe  the  Suc- 
cefs  of  the  Expedition  Ihould  fall  fhort  of  thcRcdu^lion 
of  Cape  Breton  ;  yet  the  certain  Effects  of  it  would  be 
the  recovering  of  the  Ifland  of  Canjo^  and  the  whole 
Fifliery  along  the  Coaft  ad  far  as  Newfoundland  ty  de- 
llroying  the  Buildings,  and  breaking  up  all  the  Settle- 
ments aivd  Filhery  apon  the  liland  of  Cape  Breton ;  tho 
caufing  fuch  a  Diverfion  as  would  probably  feciueiV^va 
Bcotia  for  the  following  Year  at  lead  ;  and  the  difarm- 
bg  the  Hai'bour  of  Louisbourg  of  the  Grand  Battery  ; 
which  would  make.it  more  practicable  for  theKing'sShips 
to  eiltei- it)  in  cafe  a  naval  Atmament  Ihould  be  fenc 
againd  it  from  England ; .  all  which  would  greatly  over- 
pay the  Expcnce  of  the  Attempt. 

It  was  not  doubted,  that  the  French  would  form  ano- 
ther Attempt  frotiiCanada  againft  Annapolis  Royal ezrly 
in  the  Spring  ;  but  as  the  Fort  was  then  in  a  much  bet- 
ter Pdft\lre.  of  Defence  by  theRepairlng  of  its  old  Works) 
and  the  Addition  of  new  oties,  and  its  Garrifon  ftrengjh- 
ened  With  the  feveral  Reinforcements  fent  fron)  Bojion, 
and  it  appeared  probable  to  the  Majachufetts  Governor, 
that  the  Expedition  againft  Cape  Breton,  vvhich  he  had 
determined  to  fet  on  Foot,  would  make  a  confiderabla 
JJiverfion  in  fav6ar  of  it,  he  (knt  no  further  Reinforce-* 
^ents  to  it  that  Year.t  Early  in  the  Spring  1 745,  Mr. 
M^'fi)  as  was  expcfted,  invefted  the  fort  with  about 

£  X106 


C    34    3 

uoo  French  Indians  from  CanaJaM  'f^^'^^^Z 

Aina'ncc;  which  broke  up  thcSicgc  ot  -^-^t^^^^^l^;^ 
and  ridded  the  Province  ot  the  Enemy  for  fixtcc.i 

^Tbout  the  Middle  of  January  ..744-5  the  MaJJa^ 
chufetts  Governor  recommended  it  in  a  Me%e  to  he 
Smbly  to  profccute  an  Expedition  agamlt  the  llland 
ofCape^rffonearly  in  thcSprmg.  .       u„  M^f 

Tlfe  AOembly.  upon  the  Secretary's  l^y'^g  ^^/  ^^^^^^^ 
face  before  them,  bound  their   Members  to   Secrecy 
nnd  after  three  Days  clofe  Deliberation  upon  i ,  fent 
him  an  AnfWer  :  the  Subftance  of  which  was,  "  that 
nmi  an  Aniwcr  ,  Nccefittv  there   was   ior 

«'  they  were  fenfible  ot  the  wcceuuv  mt 
"  making  an  Attempt,  as  foon  as  polTible,  for  the  Re- 
"  Tuftion  of  the  Ifllnd  of  Cape  ireton,  but  the  Un- 
"  dertakins  was  too  great  for  the  Abilities  of  the  Pro- 
.'  vinre^nd  prayed  him  to  reprefent  to  hisMajefty.how 
«  eSal  it  was^for  the  Security  of  the  Colonies  and 
^<  hs  Service  in  North- Jmcrlca  that  an  Expedi  ion 
"  mould  be  fitted  out  from  iD.^/ani  againft  this  Ifland 
<.  nd  that  they  were  ready  to  com r.bute  towards  the 
"  Profccution  of  it  to  the  utmoft  of  their  Power. 

1   ev^^^^^^^^  Propofed  by  the  Governor  m  this 

ExpedS  had  depfnd^d  ^upon  effecting  the  ReJua^i 
of  he  Ifland,  the  Meafure  recommended  by  the  Alfem- 
b  y  muft  hav<^  been  more  eligible  to  him  than  fett.ng  on 
St,  without  the  Sanaion  of  the  King's  Orders  an  At- 
tempt of  thatConfeouence  ;  which,  jf  it  h^'l  f="^^«^^^^ 
Sv^cefs  miaht  have  been  condemned  as  imprudent  and 
fam  bu^  f  he  was  fully  perfuaded  of  the  High  Proba- 
m^,  or  rather  Certainty  of  fucceedmg  at  /.a^  m  he 
other  Points  before-mentioned,  P^Jt.cularly  the  Pre  er^ 
f  ation  of  his  Majeily's  Province  ot  No^^a-Scotta  from 


*p 


.It  could  make  no 
ircvcr  his  HoIVili- 
EnglandTrooipi 
cnpon  tJic  French 
n  to  come  to  his 
Annapolis  Ray  a/, 
icmy  for  fixtccii 

4.5  the  Mafa- 
a  McOiigc  to  the 
againit  the  llland 

■'3  laying  the  Mef- 
jers  to   Secrecy  ; 
on  upon  it,  feni 
^hich  wa3,  "  that 
y  there   was   for 
iblc,  for  the  Re- 
m  ;  but  the   Un- 
(ilitics  of  the  Pro- 
to  hisMajefty.how 
the   Colonies  and 
lat   an   Expedition 
againft  this  Ifland, 
ibute  towards  the 
cheir  Power." 
le  Governor  in  this 
ting  the  Redii£lion 
rxled  by  the  Alfem- 
him  than  fetting  on 
ig's  Orders.an   At- 
if  it  had   failed  of 
i  as  imprudent  and 
I  of  the  high  Proba- 
ingat  leall  in   the 
icularly  the  Prefer- 
JScma-Scotia  from 
the 


C     35    3 

the  Danger,  it  appeared  to  be  ihrcatncd  with  that  Tear 
from  France  ;  the  recovering  the  Ei{;rlif/;  Filhrry,  and 
J)clhuaioii  of  that  ofthc  ^Vtw/j  ;  and  that  the  fame 
Advantages,  which  prcfciited  for  cfTiaing  this  early  in 
the  Spring,  could  not  be  expcacd  afterwards  in  the 
Courle  of  the  War,  he  thought  it  incumbent  on  him  to 
avail  himfclf  of  that  Opportunity  for  promoting  thcA^a- 
tional  Intcrefts  as  well  as  thole  of  the  Northern  Colo- 
nies ;  which  mull  have  been  lofl,  if  he  had  waited  till 
he  could  have  received  his  Majcfly'sPleafurc  thereupon. 

The  Subjeft  of  the  AfTcmbiy's  Delibcrations.and  the 
Rcfultofthcm,  notwithllanding  the  Care  t^iken  to  keep 
them  fecrct,  had  (o  lar  tranfpircd,  that  Marbkheac/.thc 
principal  fifliing  Town,  and  Bo/Ion  the  chief  tradincj 
Town  and  Metropolis  of  the  Province  had  detornuncd 
to  Petition  the  General  Court  to  have  the  propof.d  Ex- 
pedition fot  on  foot ;  and  the  Governor  thereupon  mo- 
ved the  AHcmbly  in  two  other  Mcflliges  to  rcfiime  the 
Confideration  ot  thisEnterprizc ;  and  the  more  effcaual- 
ly  to  induce  them  to  come  into  it,recommendcd  to  them 
to  examine  the  Perfons,  from  whom  he  had  received  his 
Intelligence,  concerning  the  Prafticablenefs  of  it. 

The  Aflcmbly  immediately  entered  into  a  fcrond 
Confideration  of  the  Affair ,and  after  fpcnding  threcDays 
more  in  examining  the  Perfons,  whom  the  CJovcrnor  rc- 
fetred  them  to,  with  the  clofcft  Attention,  c:imc  to   tlic 

following  RcfolvCo.  ,  r    /r     1     /• 

"  That  it  was  incumbent  upon  the  Al<ifachufetts 
"  Government  to  embrace  the  f\ivourablc  C)[>portunity, 
"  which  then  offered,  for  attempting  the  Reduclim  of 
"  the  Ifland  of  Cape  i5ri'^5«. 

"  That  the  Captain-Gone;  al  Hiould  be  defircd  ro  iHuo 
"  his  Proclamation  for  the  iiilifling  3,000  Volimtecrs 
"  (which  they  increafcd  after  to  3,250),  for  tlmt  Pur- 
"  pofc,  under  fuch  Officers  as  he  fliould  appoint. 

"  That  Provifion  fliould  be  made  for  furnifliing  the 
«'  necclTary  warhke  Stores  for  the  Expedition. 

"  That  four  Months  riovifioas  lliould  be  1  liil  in. 

"  That 


I 


y 


L    3<$    ] 

'f  ThaiJ  a  Committee  fhoul!  be  appointed  to  procure 
"  fit  Vc'Tols  to  fcrvc  as  Tranfports,  to  be  ready  lo  dc- 
*'  piirt  tlio  Bejvinuin(T  of  March. 

"  1  hai  a  luicablc  Naval  Force  Oiould  be  provided 
"  for  their  Convoy,  as  the  Gcr;cral  Court  jhould  therc- 

«'  after  order. 

"  And  that  Application  fhould  be  forthwith  made  to 
««  the  Governments  of  New-York,  New  Jerfey,  Pen- 
*•  ftlvania,  New  Harnpjhire,  Conneilkut,  and  Rhode 
*'  IJlatxd,  to  furnifli  their  r  ^fpeftivc  Qijota's  of  Men 
"  and  Vcflcls  to  accompany  or  follow  the  Forces  of  the 

«'  Province." 

From  thcfe  Refolves  it  appears,  that  this  Expedition 
was  undertaken  by  the  Province  of  the   Majfachufetts 
Bay  before  it  was  known,  whether  any  of  the  otherCo- 
lonies  would  afliU  them  in  it ;    and  upon  this   Circum- 
ftance  in  a  great  Mcafure  depended   the  Succefs   of  it ; 
neither  the  Difpatch  nor  Secrecv,  with  which   it  was  to 
be  pulhed  pn,would  admit  of  a  Participation  of  Councils 
witli  the  other  Colonics  in  the  Formation  and  Direction 
of  it ;  The  Length  of  Time,  it  would   have  taken  up 
before  all  the  Governments  concerned  would   have   a- 
grecd,  firlt  upon  the  Expediency  of  the  Attempt,  after- 
wards upon  their  rcfpc^tivcQuota's  of  Troops  and  other 
Expencc,  the  Plan  to  be  form'd.  the  Partition  of  Com- 
mand in  the  Execution  of  ir,  and  other  Points,  would  in 
all  Probability    have  rendered   the   Scheme   abortive  ; 
yvhcreas,  wiicn  the  voting  of  every   thing  requifite   for 
carrying  the  Attempt  on  in  the  beft  manner  centered  in 
the  AlTcmbiy  of  one  Province,  whofe  Governor  had  the 
Direction  of  the  whole,  there  was  a  fair  Profpeft  of  fuc- 
cceding  in  it :  It  was  bcfides  an  eafier  Talk  to  bring  the 
(;thcr  Colonics  to  accede  to  an  Expedition,   in  which 
ihcy  were  deeply  interelted,  after  it  was  refolved  upon, 
and  undertaken  by  the  Mafachufefs  Government,  than 
to  induce  them  to  a  Concurrence  in  it  at  firft,  as  Prin- 
cipals :  But  if  every  one  of  the  other  Governments  had 
failed  to  aflill  in  if,as  fome  of  them  in  faft  did,theMfl/a- 

chufcts 


lointcd  to  procure 
to  be  ready  lo  dtf- 

OiouUl  be  provided 
-ourt  Jliould  therc- 

fortliwiih  made  to 
Ww  Jerfey,  Pen' 
eflicut,  and  Rhode 
J  Quota's  of  Men 
V  the  Forces  of  the 

hat  this  Expedition 
the  Mafachufetts 
any  of  the  other  Co- 
upon this   Cireum- 

the  Succefs  of  it ; 
/ith  which  it  was  to 
cipation  of  Councils 
nation  and  Direction 
3uld  have  taken  up 
icd  would  have  a- 
f  the  Attempt,  aftcr- 
of  Troops  and  other 
le  Partition  of  Com- 
hcr  Points,  would  in 
I  Scheme  abortive  ; 

thing  requifite  for 
:  manner  centered  in 
fe  Governor  had  the 

fair  Profpeft  of  fuc- 
ier  Talk  to  bring  the 
expedition,  in  which 
it  was  refolved  upon, 
fs  Government,  than 
in  it  at  firft,  as  Prin- 
her  Governments  had 
in  faft  did,theiV/fl^- 
chufcti 


I   V  ] 

chufets  was  determined  to  have  taken  the  wholel^\xxi\\tn 
of  profecuting  it  upon  thcmfclvcs. 

The  Government-?,  which  joined  with  the  Mafa* 
chufets  Bay  in  thi«  Expedition,  were  thofc  of  Connedi' 
cut,  Nnv-Hampjhire,  and  Rhode  I/latid  \  the  firft  vo- 
ted 500  Men  for  the  Service,  upon  Condition  that  the 
Mdffachufets  Governor  would  give  the  commanding 
Officer  of  their  Forces  the  fecond  Comniiffion  in  the 
Expedition,  which  he  accordingly  did  by  his  Commifli- 
on  :  The  Province  of  New  Hamfjhire  voted  300,  and 
the  Colony  of  Rhode  I/!and  the  lame  Number. 

The  Colony  Naval  Force  for  this  Entcrprize  confift- 
ed  of  3  Frigates  of  20  Guns  each,  a  Snow  of  1 6,a  Bri- 
gantinc  of  12,  and  5  armed  Sloops  mounting  from  8  to 
1 2  Carriage-Guns,  provided  at  the  Expence  of  iheMaf- 
Jfachufcts  Bay  ;  and  of  the  ConneH'tcut  and  Rhode 
IJland  Sloops,  both  of  loor  n  Carriage  Guns,  and  a 
fmall  armed  Veflfel  from  New  Hamtjhire. 

The  Train  of  Artillery  colleftcd  by  the  Governor  of 
the  Mafachufetts  Bay  confiftcd  of  8  Cannon  of  22  lb 
Ball,  1 2  of  9  Pound,  2  Mortars  of  1 2  InchcsDiameter, 
one  of  1 1,  and  one  of  9,  taken  from  his  Majefty's  Caf- 
tle  JVilliam  in  the  Mafachufetts  Harbour,  being  all 
that  could  be  fpared  from  thence  without   weakening 
the  Fort  too  much,  and  ten  Cannon  of  1 8  Pound  Bail 
borrowed  by  him  for  this  Occafion  of  the  Governor  of 
New  York  :  This  is  the  whole,   which  could  be  pro- 
cured  in  Time,  and  the  Mafachufetts  Governor  de- 
pended upn  its  being  increafed  with  fome  Pieces  of  Or- 
dnance from  the  Grand  Battery  in  Louisbourg  Harbour, 
foon  after  the  landing  of  the  Troops  upon  the  Ifland  ; 
in  Confidence  of  which  a  fuitable  Quantity  of  42  Pound 
Ball  was  tranfported  from  Boflon  with  the  relt  of  the 
Ordnance  Stores  for  the  Siege. 

As  the  Mafachufetts  AfTembly  at  firft  entered  into 
the  Expedition  upon  the  cooleft  Deliberation  ;  fo  did 
they  on  the  other  hand  exert  themfelves  with  uncommon 
Vigour  in  the  Profccution  of  it :  As  foon  as  the  Point 

was 


i:  38  n 

was  carried  for  umlcrtaking  it.CTCry  Member  which  had 
oppofcd  it.gavc  up  hh  own  private  Judgment  to  ihc  pub- 
lic Voice,  and  vied  with  thoCc,  who  had  voted  tor  the 
Expedition, in  encouraging  the  Enliftmenf  of  ihcTroops, 
and  forwirding  the  Preprations  for  the  Attempt. 

The  Bounty,  Pay,  and  other  Encouragcmenta  allow- 
ed by  the  Ma/fachu/ettt  Government  to  both  Officers 
and  Men,  cfpecially  the  former,  was  fmall  ;  but  the 
Spirit,  whicli  reigned  through  the  Province,  fupphcd 
the  Want  of  that ;  the  Complement  of  Troops  was  li)on 
Inlided  ;not  only  the  Officcrs,who  fcrvcd  in  thisEntcr- 
nrizc,  were  Gentlemen  of  confidcrable  Property;  but 
moft  of  the  Non-commilfioned  Officers  and  many  of  the 
private  Men  had  valuable  Farms,  and  entcr'd  into  ihe 
Service  upon  the  fame  Principles  that  the  old  Roman 
Citizens  in  the  firU  Confuiar  Armies  ufcd  to  do,  with  a 
Rclblution  to  behave  like  Men,  who  were  to  h^-ju  pre 
aris  etfocis  ;  which  they  were  pcrfuadcd  was  \\\c  Ca(e 
in  this  Entcrprizc. 

The  Vote  of  Aflembly  for  undertakmg  the  Expediti- 
on was  not  pafTcd  till  the  2 $^)^oi  January, w)^cu  intenlc 
cold  Weather  begins  to  fct  in  ;  yet  all  the  Vcirels  ot 
War  were  got  ready  for  the  Sea,  (the  principal  one  ot 
which  was  but  then  lately  put  u^n  the  Stocks),  the 
Tranfports  were  provided,  the  Provifions,  Artillery, 
Ordnance,  and  other  Stores  ftiipp'd,  the  whole  Arma- 
ment equipped,  and  the  Troops  embarked  at/?^y/o«, 
within  fevcn  Weeks  after  the  Governor  had  imied  his 
Proclamation  for  foiling  it  on  foot,  and  fcveral  ot  the 
armed  Veflcls  were  upon  their  Station  before  Louts- 
bourg,  many  Days  before,  in  order  to  hinder  Intelli- 
gence or  Supplies  from  getting  in  ;  and  to  prevent  it's 
being  font  from  the  Colonies  Embargoes  were  laid,  and 
every  Precaution  taken  ;  and  the  Preparations  were  con- 
duced wiih  fuch  Secrecy,  that  the  tirft  Notice,  which 
the  French  had  of  the  Attempt,  was  given  them  by  the 
Appciranr c  of  the  Englijb  in  Chapeau  Rou^  Bay. 

The  Ml  fluhufdts  Governor,  trom  the  Beginning, 

depended 


»tcmbcr  which  had 
Igmcnt  to  ihc  pvib- 
jad  voted    for  the 
iienf  of  ihcTroops, 
he  Attempt, 
wragcmenti  allow- 
«  to  both  Officers 
as  finall  ;   but  the 
Province,  fupplicd 
f  Troops  was  li)on 
:rvcd  in  this  Entcr- 
>lc  Property  ;   but 
rs  and  many  of  the 
lI  cntcrM    into  the 
\z  the  old    Roman 
ufcd  to  do,    with  a 
»  were  to  H^'ju  pro 
adcd  was  il\o  Cafe 

aking  the  Exptditi- 
wwary.whcn  intcnlc 
all  the  Vcirch  of 
he  principal  one  of 
n  the  Stocks),  the 
•ovifions,  Artillciy, 

the  whole  Arma- 
nbarked  at  Bo/ion, 
rnor  had  ifTucd  his 
and  fcveral  of  the 
:ion   before  Louis- 

to  hinder  Intelli- 
and  to  prevent  it's 
goes  were  laid,  and 
narations  were  con- 
irft  Notice,  which 
;  given  them  by  the 
ran  Rougi  Bay. 
3m  the  Beginning, 
depended 


C    39    ] 

depended  on  the  AfriHancc  of  fomc  of  hi?  Majcat't 
Ships  in  J^orth-Amfrua,  and  as  (oon  as  the  hsncdiiion 
was  determined  upon,  fcnt  an  Kxprcfs  IJo.u  to  the    bto 
Sir  Peter  fVarrtn,  then  Commodore  fk'aneu,  M  yJnti- 
ffua,  acquainting  him  with  it,  and  dcfiring  his  Alliibncc 
in  it  with  fuch  Ships,  as  could  be  fprcd    from  his  Ma- 
jelly's  Service  in  the  Leeward   Ulands  ;    at    the    fame 
Time  he  informed  the  late  Sir  Cbaloner  Ogle  ni  it, who 
was  then  upon  the  Point  of  returning   Hon»e  from  yir- 
maica  with  a  Squadron  of  his  Majclly's  Shipi,and  'vro- 
iws'd  to  him  to  make  Louisbour^  in  his   Way  ;    .•'.nd  as 
foon  as  the  Troops  were  embarked,  he  acquauitcil  his 
Majefly's  Minittcrs  with  the  F.xpcdition.and  bis  Mctivea 
for  (btting  it  on  Foot,  informing  them,  th:it  4000  Ne7o 
Etivland  Forces  would  be  landed  upon  the   Kland   of 
Cape  Brehn  in  Jpnl,  if  no  unforefccn  Accident   pre- 
vented ;  but  that  in  cafe  it  fliould  not   be  his  MajeHy  s 
Pleafurc   to  fupiwrt  the  Expedition,  he  had  concerted 
Mcafures  in  fuch  manner,  as   to  provide  a  fafe  Retreat 
for  them  ;  that  though  he  could  not  take  upon  him    to 
promife  the  Reduftion  of  the  liland,  yet  he  would  be 
anfwerablc   for  the  Succcfi   of  the  Attempt  fo  far,    as 
that  Canfo  fliould  be  recovcicd  for  his  Majclly,  nil  the 
Buildings  in  tlie  Town   of   Louishura,  and  upon  the 
whole  liland  dcllroycd,  the  French  FiHicry  dc|x«ndmg 
upon  it  broke  up  ;  and  the  Englijb   Fiflicrics  upon  the 
Bank  of  Nova-Scotia,   and  all    along  the  whole  Grid 
as  tar  ai  NewfonndlancI  rd\ovCi\  ;   and  that  at  lead  the 
Grand  Battery  in  the  Harbour  of  Louisboiirg  fhould  be 
taken,  fo  that  the  Advantages  gained  in  the  Expedition 
would  abundantly  recompcnfc  for  thcExptnccs  incurr  d 
in  it,  even  though  it  fhould  fail  of  the  Reduction  of  the 
iQand  to  the  Obedience  of  his  Majefty  ;  and  he  dcflr- 
ed  particular   Dire£fions,  whether   in  cafe  a   Conmicit 
fhould  be  made  of  the  Ifland,  he  flvmld  caiifethc- For- 
trefs   and  Works  in  the  Harbour  to  be  dcmolilli'd,  or 
kept  to  bc-garrifoncd  by  his  Majcfly's  Troops. 

Upon  the  Arrival  of  the  Expiefs  fcnt  to  England,  it 
*  was 


t    4*    ] 

WM  determined  that  to  fupport  the  Expedition,  and  in 
confcqucnco  of  it  his  Ma|clly'«  Shipi  Pimeft  Mary, 
HtHor,  Chf/lfr,  Canterbury,  and  SunJerlarui  were  diC* 
^tched  with  Orders  to  join  Mr.  fVarrtn^t  Sijuadron  at 
jLouiihurg,  which  ihcy  did  during  the  Siccc  ;  in  Anfwer 
to  the  Dii|)atchc$  fcnt  to  Sir  Chahntr  O^lt  at  Jamaica 
Admiral7J(ir<*r/  who  rchcved  him,  acquamicd  thcGovcr- 
nor.thathc  had  prclfcd  him  much  to  comply  with  thcPro- 
pofal  of  hisLcttcr.but  could  not  prevail  on  him  to  do  it  : 
And  in  Anfwer  to  hisLcttcr  fcnt  toMr.  ff^arren  at  An- 
tigua, he  received  one  from  him,  duted  the  a 4th  of 
Ffbruary,  inclofmc  a  Copy  of  the  ConfuUation  of  the 
Captains  then  prcicnt,   held  on  IJoard  the  Launce/fon 
the  23d  of  February,  in  which  was  (ct  forthi  "  That 
"  Commodore  jyarren  havinc  laid  before  them  a  Letter 
"  from  Governor  Shirley  oi  his   Maiefty's  Province  of 
•'  New'En^land,  together  with  a  Sclicme  for  attacking 
*•  and  furpnzing  the  Fort  and  Town  of  Louisbourg  and 
*'  Cape  Breton,  rcquefting  fome  of  the  Ships  from  that 
*♦  Station,  to  hisAlfidance,  they  had  rakcnthe  iamc  into 
**  their  mature  Confideration,  and  it  appearing  the  faid 
"  Scheme  had  been  undertaken  wiiliout  flril  receiving 
«'  hisMajedy'sApprobation,  and  that  noOrders  had  been 
«'  fent  by  the  Lords  of  the  Admiralty  for  any  Ships 
"  g'V'"g   ^^^c'""   AfTidancc,    and   that   the   taking  any 
••  of  theShips  ofTthofc  Stations  (in  thcRoom  of  theZ/^'fy- 
*'  mouth,  which  had  been  unfortunately  loll)  would  be 
*'  a  great  weakening  of  thofc  Iflands,  and  could  be  of  no 
*'  great  Service  in  fuch  anUndertaking,  and  it  might  be 
*•   attended  with  bad  Confcqucnccs,  as  a  Squadron  of 
**  theEncmy's  Ships  were  daily  expelled  at  Martnique.''* 
"  They  therefore  unanimoufly  agreed  and  gave  it  ag 
♦*  their  Opinions,  that  it  would  be  mod  for  his  Majefty's 
"  Service  for  Commodore  ff^arren  to  fend  the  North 
"  America  Rationed  Ships  away  to  their  rcfpeftive  Sta- 
*'  lions,  and  remain  there  himfclf  in  the  Superbe,   till 
*'  Anfwers  could  return  to  his  Exprefs  from  England 
I'  by  the  Mercury,  whom/  it  was  their  Advice  to  fend 

"  away 


p 


Expedition,  and  in 
[)l  Pimefs   Mary, 
\nJtrlaiui  were  dil* 
irrtn\  Suuadron  at 
c  Sicflc  ;  in  Anfwcr 
r  O^le  at  yamatca 
quainicd  thcGovcr- 
3m ply  with  thcPro- 
'ail  on  him  to  do  it  : 
ilr.  ff^tirren  at  ^«- 
dutcd  the   34th  of 
Confultation  of  the 
iril  the  Launce/fon 
I  (ct  forth,  "  That 
:forc  them  a  Letter 
aiefty'i  Province  of 
chcmc  i'or  attacking 
I  of  Louisbourg  ana 
the  Ships  from  that 
taken  the  <amc  into 
t  appearing;  the  faiJ 
iihout  Hril  rccciring 
;  noOrders  had  been 
raUy  for  any  Ships 
lat   the   taking  any 
icRoom  of  thc^'f  y- 
latcly  lo(l)  Would  be 
s,  and  could  be  of  no 
Ling,  and  it  might  be 
:s,  as  a  Squadron  of 
e£Ic»1  at  Martrtique** 
agreed  and  gave  it  ag 
loft  for  his  Maiefty's 
n  to  fend  the  North 
I  their  rcfpeftive  Sta- 
in the  Superbe,   till 
iprefs  from  England 
their  Advice  to  fend 
"  away 


t    4»     3 

"away  immediately  with  the  Account  of  the  uohuppy 
"  Accident  ih^t  huii  befallen  the  If'eyimuth,  andC'opi«t 
"  of  Gtvtrmr  Shirlr)/**,  \xnc\%  and  St  hemes,  in  order  to 
"  receive  their  I.ordihips  Dirct'tionii  thcreupn  " 

This  Pacquef  arriv'd  at  Bofion  the  Day  before  the 
Nito  Englatid  Fleet  faile<l  from  thence  for  Louisbmrg, 
at  which  time  the  Governor  was  not  certain  thut  thcKx- 
pcdition  would  be  fupprted  with  any  of  '  's  Majcdy'd 
Ships  ;  and  as  the  Contents  of  it,  if  publickly  known, 
could  have  had  no  good  EfTcft  for  his  Majcdy's  Service 
at  that  criricalConjun^ure,  he  did  not  think  it  advifcable 
to  communicate  them  to  the  General  AfTtmbly,  or  any 
Per(bn  whatever  except  theCommandcr  in  Chief  of  the 
Expedition,  and  the  General  Cflicer  then  next  in 
Command  to  him. 

A  few  Days  after  Mr.  H'^arren  had  difpatched  the 
Exprcls  Boat  back  to  New  England,  his  M.ijeUy'3 
Sloop  Hind  arrived  at  Antigua  with  Orders  for  him  to 
"  repair  forthwith  to  Bojion  "  with  fuch  of  the  Ships 
"  under  his  Command,  as  could  be  fpared  from  hisMa- 
"  jelly's  Service  in  the  Parts  where  he  wus  ft-itioned,  in 
•'  order  to  concert  Meafures  with  Governor  Shirley  for 
"  the  Protcftion  of  the  Trade,  Annoyance  of  the  Ene- 
"  my,  and  his  MajcHy's  General  Service  in  Nortk->/i* 
*'  nierica." 

Purfuant  to  thefe  Orders,Mr.  U'^arren  forthwith  faiN 
ed  from  Antigua  in  the  Superbe,  taking  with  him  his 
Majcfly's  Ships  Mermaid  and  Launcefton,  with  an  In- 
tention to  proceed  directly  to  Bojlcn  ;  imagining  thatMr. 
Shirley  upon  receiving  the  lateAnfwerto  his  Letter  de« 
firing  the  Adiftancc  of  fomc  of  theShips  under  hisCom- 
manci  in  the  Expedition  againd  Cape  Breton,  had  let 
drop  all  Thoughts  of  proceeding  in  it  ;  but  upon  get- 
ting Intelligence  in  his  P.Ulage,  tliat  the  New  England 
Armament  had  failed  from  Bojlcn  for  Louisbourg,  and 
was  to  Hop  a  fhori  Time  at  Canfs  ///and.he  changed  his 
former  Sentiments  concerning  the  unadvifeablencfs  of 
profccuting  the  Emerpri/c  vvidiout  hisMujcQy's  cxpref-, 

r  Orders , 


i,. 


[        42         ] 

Oriiers  :  tnA  by  a  Schooner,  which  he  took  up  at  Sei, 
acquaintea  Mr.  S/;/V/.y.  that  iaftcad  of  commg  io  Bopn 
he  ihouia  proceed  direftly  to  Canfo,   xhtvc  to    confult 
with  theGeneral.and  tVom  thence  go  before  Louubour^ 
.nd  allilt  in  tlie  FApcd.tion  ;  and    as   he    was   fhort  of 
Provilions.  AmmunUion  and  other  Stores  for   that   ber- 
vice.hcdefu-edMr.   Shirley   to    fend   him  thither  the 
OiKintitics  cHprcfTcd  in  hisLettcr.as  fpeedily  as  he  cou  d. 
""What  rendered  this  News  flill  more  agreeable  to  the 
Maffachufets  Government  was,  the  great    Lftccm   they 
hid  for  Mr.  JVarrgn  on  account  of  his  known   Difnoii- 
tion  for  promoting  his  Majclly's  Service  mtheNorthern 
Colonies'  the  Opinion  they  entertained  of  his  Vigilance 
and  other  Qualifications  for  the  ScaCommaBd  "po"  that 
Expcdition/^ad  the  good  Undcrftand.ng,  which  fubfill- 
edUtwccn  him  and  the  Cnwra/ of  the  Land  Forces 

On  the  24th  of  AfarcZ;    1744-5    ih^    Mafachu/ets 
Troops  amounting  to  rSO,  exclufivc  of  Commiir.oncd 
Officers,  embarked  at  Bo/hn,  and  failed  under  the  Con- 
voy  of  the  Shirley  Galley,  Captain  Rous    Commander, 
and  arrived  the  4th  of  ^pril  at  Caf  1  land,  which  was 
appointed  by  the  Governor  to  be  the  Place  of  Rendez- 
vous for  the  Tranfports  and  Cruizers,  and  for  aCommu- 
nication  of  Intelligence  between  him f elf  at  i?^/?^;/,   the 
General  of  the  Land  Forces  before  the  City  of   Loujs- 
bourz,  and  the  Commander  of  the  Ships  before  the  Har- 
bour ;  as  alfo  for  lodgin-  all  Stores  not  in  immediateUle 
in  the  Camp  and  Fleet  :    Here  they   found  /^le  iV^w 
Hampfhire  Forces,  conufting  of  304  Men  and  Ofhcers, 
had  arrived  four  Days  before  them;  and   on   the   25th 
thev  were  joined  by  the  ConneakutTvoo^s,  amounting 
to  ci  6,  inclufive  of  CommifTioned  Officers :    As  to  the 
000  exped^ed  from  Rhode  I/land,  they  did  not  join  the 
Forces  of  the  other  Governments  till  after  Loutsbourg 

was  taken.  ,     t.,  •  »  j 

ChapeaU'Rou^e  Bay,  which  was  the  Place  appointed 

for  landing  the  droops,  being  fo  filled  with   Ice   as  to 

make  that  imprafticablc  before  the  latter  End  ot  ^prtl. 


le  took  up  at  Sea, 
F  coming  to  Bojlon 

there  to    confult 
before  Louisbourg 

he  was  fhort  of 
arcs  for  that  Scr- 
d  him  thither  the 
pcedily  as  he  could, 
re  agreeable  to  the 
treat  Kftccm  they 
lis  known  Difnoli- 
^icc  in  theNorthcrn 
cd  of  his  Vigilance 
Command  upon  that 
ding,  which  fubfili- 
the  Land  Forces, 

the    Maffachufets 
re  of  Commiffloned 
tiled  under  the  Con- 
RoHS   Commander, 
fo  Uland;  which  was 
le  Place  of  Rcndcz- 
s,  and  for  aCommu- 
nCclf  at  BoJJoji,   the 
the  City  of  Louis- 
lips  before  the  Har- 
not  in  immediateUfe 
y    found    the  New 
^  Men  and  Officers, 
;  and   on   the   25th 
f  Troops,  amounting 
Officers :    As  to  the 
hey  did  not  join  the 
ill  after  Louisbourg 

the  Place  appointed 

illed  with   Ice   as  to 

latter  End  of  Jpril, 

the 


[     43     J 

tjie  Forces  were  detained  until  then  at  Canfi  ;  where 
the  General  form'd  the  Detachments  ordered  to  be  em- 
ployed in  the  feveral  Attacks  projiofcd  to  be  made  im- 
mediately after  the  landing  the  main  Body  ^iFlat  Point 
Cove,  according  to  the  Plan  of  Operations  which  had 
been  concerted  at  Bofion,  and  there  given  him  inChargc 
by  the  Governor's  Inftruftions. 

During  the  Stay  of  the  Troops  at  Canfo,  a  Block- 
houfe  was  ercfted  upon  a  Hill  there  picketed  roimd.and 
defended  by  eightCannon  of  nine  Pound  Ball ;  and  two 
armed  Veflels  lent  into  Bay  Verte  in  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence,  to  take  or  deftroy  fome  Veflels  which,  ac- 
cording to  Information,  lay  there  in  order  to  take  in 
ProvKiuns  for  Louisbourg. 

In  the  mean  Time,  April  1 8th,  the  Kenommee,  a 
/Vd-rtf/!;  Shipof  War  of  36  Guns  nine  Poiuidcrs  with 
300  Seamen  and  $0  Marines,  charged  with  public  Di(- 
•atches,  fell  in  with  the  armed  VcfTcls  in  the  Set  vice  of 
the  Mafachufets  Government  before  Lomsbutrg  Har- 
bour, where  ffic  maintained  a  runnin;j.  Fight  with  ihcm, 
but  got  clear  by  outfailing  them  :  This  Ship  afterwards 
fell  in  with  the  Connedicut  Troops  undor  the  Convoy 
of  their  own  Sloop,  and  that  o^  RhoJe-Ifland,  the  latter 
of  which  ffie  attack'd  and  damaged  conddcrably  ;  but 
finally  the  Sloop  got  offi,as  did  the  Tranfports  and  other 
Sloop,  during  the  Engagement  :  And  after  making  two 
more  Attempts  to  pufh  into  the  Harbour  without  Suc- 
cefs,  Ihe  returned  to  France  without  having  dolivired 
her  Pacquets,  from  whence  fhe  (ail'd  again  the  Begin- 
ning of  Ju/y,  with  fix  Ships  more,  being  the  BreJ}^m- 
dron  deftined  againft  Annapolis  Royal. 

April  the  2  2d  hisMajcfty's  Ship  Eltham  of  4oGuns 
arriv'd  ztCan/c  from  Ne7v-Englun(I,  under  Orders  from 
Mr.  JVarren  ;  and  the  23d  Mr.  TFarrcn  in  hisMajofty's 
Ship  Superbeof  60  Guns,wi:h  xhcLaunceJlon  andil/tv- 
matd  of  40  Guns  ;  and  after  (laying  there  (ome  Hours 
and  conferring  with  the  General  by  Letter  failed  to 
Louisbourg  in  order  to  cruize  off  the  Harbour. 

On 


f 


i:  44  ] 

On  the  2  9th  of  ^4pr'tl  the  Troom  cmbarkM  in  four 
Divifions  of  Tranfports,  and  failed  for  Chapeau-rouge 
Bay,  with  an  armed  Snow  and  two  armed  Sloops  in  the 
Senicc  of  the  Mafachufetts  Government,  under  the 
Fire  of  whofc  Cannon  they  were  to  land  :  And  at  the 
fame  time  a  Detachment  of  270  Men,  under  the  Com- 
mand of  a  Colonel,  and  Convoy  of  an  arm'd  Sloop  in 
the  Pay  of  Nt.  (.v-Hamp/f/tre  Government,  were  fcnt  to 
St.  Peter's,  a  fmall  French  Settlement  onCape  Bretiti, 
with  Orders  to  take  the  Place,  burn  the  Houfcs,  and 
demolifh  the  Fort      -hich  was  accordingly  cfTeftcd. 

On  the  jot'.i  of  sAiril,  between  Nine  and  Ten  in 
the  Morning,  the  Fleet  having  the  main  Body  of  the 
Troops  or.  board  came  to  an  Anchor  in  Chapeau-rou^e 
Bay,  at  theDiftancc  of  about  twoMiles  from  Flat  Point 
Cove  :  Ufon  the  Difcovcry  of  this  the  Enemy    fired 
fome  Can, ion,  and  rang  their  Bells  in  the  Town  to  al- 
nrm  and  c  ill  in  their  People  living  in  the  Vnvirons,  and 
fcnt  out  0  'the  Town  a  Detachment  of  about  150  Men, 
under  the  Command  of  Mr.  Bcularderie,  late  anOfilccr 
in  one  of  tlic  Regiments  in  France,  to  oppofc  the  land, 
ding  of  t.ic  Troops  ;  whereupon  the  General  made  a 
Feint  of  landing  a  Party  of  his  Men  in  Boats  at  Flat 
Point  Core,  in  order  to  draw  the  French  thither  (which 
had  its  EfTcft)  and  upon  a  Signal  from  the  Veffcl  thofc 
Boats  returned,  and  joined  anotherParty  under  his  Stern, 
from  whence  were  landed  two  Miles  higher  up  thcBny, 
about  100  Men,  before  the  Enemy  could  get  up  then:  ; 
whom  they  briilcly  attacked,  though  under  the  Advanraj^e 
of  being  covered  with  their  Woods,  after  killing  fix  of 
them  upon  the  Spot,  taking  as  many  Prifoners,  (among 
whomwai  Mr.  Bcularderie),  and  wounding  feveral  o- 
thers,  forcM  the  Remainder  to  make  a  precipitate  Flight 
towards  the  Town,  in  which  fome  others  were  taken 
Prifoners,  with  the  Damage  fuflained  on  the  Part  of  the 
Englip,  of  only  '.wo  Men  being  llightly  wounded  :  On 
the  fame  Day  aboi.t  2000  more  of  the  Troops  were 
landed  without  Oppofition,  and  the  Remainder,  being 
near  2 coo,  the  Pay  following.  On 


ffi 


cmbarkM  in  four 
or  Cbapeau-rouge 
mcd  Sloops  in  the 
nment,  under  the 
land  :  And  at  the 
1,  under  the  Com- 
in  arm'd  Sloop  in 
ncnt,  were  fcnt  to 
nt  onCape  Breftn, 

the  Houfcs,  and 
linyly  cfTeftcd. 
Nine  and  Ten  in 
main  Body  of  the 
r  in  Chapeau-rou^e 
es  from  Flat  Point 

the  Enemy    fired 
in  the  Town  to  al- 

the  Environs,  and 
of  about  150  Men, 
ierie,  late  anOfilccr 
to  oppofc  the  land- 
ic  General  made  a 
:n  in  Boats  at  Flat 
'ench  thither  (which 
)m  the  Veffel  tbofc 
irty  under  his  Stern, 
s  higher  up  thclviy, 
could  get  up  theiv  ; 
under  ihe  Advanrni^e 

after  killing  fix  of 
!  Prifoners,  (among 
wvounding  feveral  o- 
!  a  precipitate  Flight 

others  were  taken 
d  on  the  Part  of  the 
ghtly  wounded  :  On 
f  the  Troops  were 
c  Remainder,  being 
On 


C    45    J 

On  the  Day  following  a  Detachment  of  400  Men 
maiched  round  to  the  North-eaft  Harbour,  behind  the 
Range  of  Hills  there,  and  burnt  all  the  Enemy's  Hou- 
Ics  and  Stores  in  the  Neighbourhood,  at  the  Diftancc  of 
about  a  Mile  from  the  Grand  Battery  ;  whereupon  the 
Enemy  deferred  it  the  fame  Night,  leaving  the  Artille- 
ry, confifting  of  28  Cannon  of  42  Pound  Ball,  and  two 
of  1 8  Pound,  with  the  Ordnance  Stores  (except  their 
Powder,  which  they  threw  into  aWcU),  fo  precipitately, 
that  they  only  fpik'd  up  their  Cannon  in  a  flight  Man- 
ner, without  knocking  off  the  Trunnions,  or  doing  other 
Damage  to  them,  and  but  very  little  to  the  Carriages  : 
The  next  Morning  a  Party  of  fixtcen  Men  difcovered, 
that  the  Enemy  had  abandoned  the  Grand  Battery,  and 
drove  off  a  Party  of  them,  as  they  were  attempting  to 
rcland  there  that  Morning  in  Boats. 

As  foon  as  the  Ne-w  England  Men  had  taken  Pof- 
fcfllon  of  the  Grand  Battery,  the  French  kept  an  incef- 
fant  Fire  againft  it  with  their  Cannon  and  Bombs  both 
from  theTown  and  Ifland  Battery ;  the  former  of  which 
is  diftant  5:913  Feet  from  it,  and  the  latter  4800  ;  not- 
withftanding  which  three  Cannon  in  the  Grand  Battery, 
which  pointed  againft  the  Town,  were  cleared  by  the 
Day  following,  and  theEnemy's  Fire  was  returned  upon 
the  Town  from  them,  as  was  that  from  their  Ifland  Bat- 
tery foon  after,  by  other  Cannon,  which  pointed  againft 
it,  and  were  drilled  within  a  few  Days. 

The  Nezo  England  Troops,  within  the  Compafs  of 
23  Days  from  the  time  of  their  firft  landing,  erefted 
five  Fafcine  Batteries  againft  the  Town,  mounted  with 
Cannon  of  42  lb.  22  Ib.and  18  lb.  Shot.Mortars  of  13, 
1 1 ,  and  9  Inches  Diameter,  with  fomc  Cohorns  ;  all 
which  were  tranfported  by  hand,  with  incredible  Labour 
and  Difficulty,  moft  of  them  above  two  Miles  ;  all  the 
Ground  over  which  they  were  drawn,  except  frnall 
Pitches  or  Hills  of  Rocks,was  a  deep  Morafs,in  which, 
whilft  theCannon  were  upon  Wheels,,  they  feveral  times 
funk  fo  deep,  as  not  only  to  bury  thcCarriages,  but  their 

whofc 


h 


^»* 


f 


1 


[    4^5    ] 

whole  Bodies :  Horfcs  andOxcn  could  not  be  employed 
in  this  Service,  hut  all  mud  be  drawn  byMen,  up  to  the 
Knees  in  Mud ;  the  Nights,  in  which  ihcWork  wr>r  done, 
were  cold  and  foggy,  their  Tents  bad,  there  being  no 
proper  Materials  lor  Tents  to  be  had  in  iVfw  England, 
at  the  Out-fet  of  the  Expedition  :  But  notwithllanding 
thefe  Difficulties^  and  many  of  the  Men's  being  taken 
down  with  Fluxes,  Co  that  at  one  time  there  were  1500 
incapable  of  Duty,  they  went  on  without  being  difcou- 
raged,  or  murmuring,  and  by  thcHclp  of  Skdgcs  tranf- 
ported  the  Cannon  and  Mortars  over  thcfc  ^Vays,  which 
theFrench  had  always  thought  iinpalTablc  for  fuch  heavy 
Weights  J  and  befidesthis,  they  had  all  their  Provifioin 
and  heavy  Ammunition,  which  tlicy  daily  made  ufc  o[, 
to  bring  from  the  Camp  over  the  fame  Way  upon  their 

fiackSi 

To"  annoy  the  Befiegers  in  making  their  Approaches. 
and  carrying  on  their  Batteries,  the  Enemy  ereftcd  new 
Works,  from  which,  as  well  as  from  theCannon  of  other 
Batteries,  and  their  Mortars,  they  continually  maintam- 
eJ  a  ftrong  Fire,  till  they  were  (ilcnccd. 

The  molt  advanced  of  the  New  England  Batteries 
(which  was  finiflied  the  17th  oC May)  was  within  the 
IHAance  of  250  Yards  from  theWeftGate  of  thel  own  ; 
fo  that  from  this  Battery  feveral  of  the  Enemy  were 
killed  by  the  Mufquctry  of  the  Befiegers,  as  were 
fome  of  their  Men  by  the  Enemy  from  the  Walls  ; 
and  indeed  this  Batt^.ry  was  fo  near  the  Enemy  s 
Works,  that  the  Men  were  obliged  to  load  the 
Cannon  there  under  the  Fire  of  their  Mufquc- 
try, which  was  very  fliarp  on  both  Sides,  the 
/rwf/^  generally  opening  the  Aftion  every  Morning 
with  the  Fire  of  their  fmall  Arms  for  two  Hours  ; 
which  wasconftantly  rctiiriicd  withAdvantage :  TheExc- 
cution  done  from  the  l^attci  ics  of  the  Befiegers  was  very 
conflderable;  theWdtCi.uC  w:is  entirely  beat  down,  the 
Wall  adjoining  very  much  battel c;d,  .  ,d  a  Breach  made 
in  it  at  about  ten  ic^t  from  the  bottom  of  the  \Na1    : 

The 


1  not  be  employed 
byMen,  up  to  the 
heWork  war  done, 
ad,  there  being  no 
in  jVfw  England, 
ut  notwithllanding 
Men's  being  taken 
:  there  were  1 500 
hoiu  being  tlifcoii- 
^  of  Skdgcs  tranf- 
thcfe  ^Vays,  which 
blc  for  fiich  heavy 
all  their  Prctvifioiii 
daily  made  ufe  of, 
ic  Way  upon  tiicir 

,  their  Approaches, 
Incmy  ereftcd  new 
h.eCannon  of  other 
uinually  maintain- 
ed. 

England  Batteries 
•)  'was  within  the 
jlate  of  theTown  ; 
the  Enemy  were 
kfiegers,  as  were 
from  the  Walls  ; 
lear  the  Enemy's 
ged  to  load  the 
"f  their  Muffiuc- 
both  Sides,  the 
n   every    Morning 

for  two  Hours  ; 
vantage:  TheExc- 
Befiegcrs  was  very 
oly  beat  down,  the 

,d  a  Breach  made 

toiu  of  the  Wall  : 

The 


C    47    3 

The  circular  Battery  of  li  Cannon,  2 4  Pounders,  near 
the  Well  Gate  (and  the  principal  one  againft  Ships  next 
to  the  Grand  Battery,  and  Ifland  Battery)  was  almoit 
en'irelv   ruined,    and  all  the    Cannon  but  three  dif- 
mountcd  :    The  North-cart  Battery,  confirtmg  of  two 
Lines  of  42  and  32  Pounders,  in  all  lyCannon  (another 
principal  Battery  againrt  Ships)  was  damaged,  and  the 
kenirovc  from  their  Guns ;  the  Weft  Flank  of  the 
King's  Balfion  belonging  to  theCitadel,  and  the  Battery 
there  of  fix  24  Pounders,  which  pointed  to  thcLandSide, 
and  Greatly  annoyed  the  Works  of  theBefiegers,  was  al- 
moft  demolidied  :  Two  Cavaliers  of  24  Pounders  each, 
raifed  during  the  Siege,  and  two  other  Cannon  ot  the 
fame  Weight  of  Metal,  runout  at  two  Embrazures  cut 
threuch  the  Parapet  near  the  WeftGate  at  the  fame  time, 
( all  pointing  againft  the  Neio  England  Batteries  were 

Inienccd  :  TheCitadel  was  very  much  damaged  :  ieveral 
Houfes  in  theCity  entirely  demolifhed,  and  almoft  eve- 
ry one,  more  or  lefs  hurt ;  and  Mauretas  Gate,  at  the 
Eaftermolt  Part  of  the  City,  fiiattered  :  And  as  crofs 
Fires  from  theCannon  andMortars  of  the  Befiegcrs  ran- 
ged through  the  Streets  in  every  Part  of  the  City,  and 
through  the  Enemy's  Parades,  whereby  many  were 
kill'd;  it  drove  the  Inhabitants  out  of  their  Houies  into 
Cafmates,  and  other  cover'd  Holds,  where  they  were 
obliged  to  take  Refuge  for  fome  Weeks :  And  befides 
this,  the  Fire  from  the  Grand  Battery  annoyed  thcBar- 
rar's  of  the  Ifland  Battery.  «,.„,.,     r 

Uuring  this  Time  the  New  England  Parties  of 
Scouts  fo  thoroughly  ranged  the  Woods,  that  they  lel- 
dom  returned  without  bringing  in  fome  Pn/oners ;  which 
very  much  confined  the  Enemy  within  their  Walls,  who 
were  conftantly  worfted  in  all  Skirmilhes,  and  repulfed 
in  every  Sally,  which  they  made,  frequently  by  an  in- 
ferior Number  of  Men,  and  with  very  little  lofs  upon 
thefe  Occafions  faftaincd  on  the  Part  of  the  JSew  Jun- 

ffland  Men.  ^       .     «,  _    ,  „ 

Ou  the  26th  of  May,  after  fome  meffeaual  Prepara- 
tions 


— ».*• 


1 


f 


i 


1 


[  48  ] 

tions  for  making  an  Attack  upon  the  Enemy's  Ifland 
Battery,  which  is  a  flrong  Fort  buih  on  a  rocky  llland, 
at  iht  Entrance  into  f'.c  narbour,mountcd  with  3oC.»n- 
nono)  .id  Shot,   and  having  fome  Swivels  upon 

its  Bre.  :k,  and  two  Brafs  1  o  Inch  Moi tars,  with 

180  jMc»;,  It  was  at  Kight  attempted  by  a  Party  of  400 
Men  in  Boats  ;  but  from  the  Strength  of  the  Place,and 
the  Advantage  which  the  Enemy  had  by  being  under 
Cover,  and  the  Aflailants  cxpofcd  in  open  Boats,  the 
Surf  running  high,  the  Men  not  being  thoroughly  ac- 
quainted with  the  belt  Place  for  Landmg,  and  the  Ene- 
my befides  (as  is  mofl  probable)  being  apprized  of  their 
Defign,  they  were  repulfed  with  the  Lois  of  having  a- 
bout  fixty  killed  and  drowned,  and  one  hundred  and  lix- 
teen  taken  Prifoners  ;  however  fcveral  of  them  got 
within  the  Enemy's  Battery  and  killed  fomc  of  them. 
It  being  judged  extremely  dangerous  for  hisMajefty's 
Ships  to  enter  the  Harbour,  till  the  Enemy  could  be 
annoyed  in  that  Battery  ;  and  thought  after  the  laft  At- 
tempt impracticable  to  reduce  it  by  Boats,  it  was  deter- 
mined to  ereft  a  Battery  near  the  Light-Houfe  oppoHte 
to  it,and  at  3400  Feet  diftance  from  it  ;and  ihcf.me  was 
by  the  nth  of  ywwf , notwithftanding  the  almod  infu- 
pcrable  Difficulties,  which  attended  the  Drawing  cf  the 
Cannon  up  a  (K:ep  Bank  and  Rock,raifed  in  fuch  aMan- 
ner,  as  not  to  be  expofed  to  more  than  four  of  the  Ene- 
my's Cannon,  and  at  the  fame  Time  to  flank  a  Line  of 
above  20  of  their  Guns  ;  and  two  18  Pounders  were  on 
that  Day  mounted,  and  began  to  play  ;  by  the  14th  of 
yune  four  more  Cannon  of  18  Pound  Shot  '.vere  added, 
and  on  the  15th  a  Mortar  of  13  Inches  was  removed 
thither  out  of  which  1 9  Bombs  were  thrown,  1 7  where- 
of fell  within  the  Ifland  Battery,  and  one  of  them  upon 
the  Magazine  of  Powder ;  and  this,  together  with  the 
Fire  from  the  Cannon  of  the  Befiegers,  which  flanked 
the  Enemy's  Cannon  and  Line  of  Barracks,  fo  annoy'd 
them,  that  they  could  not  remain  with  Safety  in  any 
Part  of  tlie  Fort, 

And 


he  Enemy's  Ifland 
on  a  rocky  IHaiiil, 
ountcd  with  3oCan- 
fonie  Swivels  upon 
Inch  Moitars,  with 
.1  by  a  Party  of  400 
5th  of  the  Place,anil 
ad  by  being  under 
n  open  Boats,  the 
inc  thoroughly  ac- 
nding,  and  the  Ene- 
ng  apprized  of  their 
2  Lojs  of  having  a- 
ne  hundred  and  lix- 
vcral  of  them  got 
led  fomc  of  them. 
0U8  for  hisMajefty's 
e  Enemy  could  be 
jht  after  the  laft  Ar- 
Boats,  it  was  dctcr- 
ight-Houfe  oppoHte 
it  ;and  thef.me  was 
ng  the  ahnolt  infu- 
thc  Drawing  cf  the 
aifed  in  fuch  aMan- 
lan  four  of  the  Enc- 
le  to  flank  a  Line  of 
8  Pounders  were  on 
ay  ;  by  the  14th  of 
ndShot  '.vcre  added, 
nches  was  removed 
e  thrown,  1 7  where- 
id  one  of  them  upon 
,  together  with  the 
gers,  which  flanked 
larracks,  fo  annoy'd 
with  Safety  in  any 

And 


And  now  the  Grand  Puucry  beinj',  in  tlic    PofTIlTtor^ 
of  the  Ncv  Kn^livui  NKmi,  the  Ifl-md  Battery  (cllecm- 
rlby    the    French  the    Pall.i.l'unn    i>^  L-^'.i'sbj:i>-;r^){\'> 
mncli  annoyed  from  the  Lii^lu-Houfe  B.ut(iy,ihat  ilicy 
could  n«)t  entertain  Hopc^  of  keepini',   it  much  l()n;.;er  ; 
the  North  Fall  Battery  dan>;ip;i\l,  and  lo  much   e\po(cd 
to  the  Fire  iVoiu  the  new  advanci'd    Battery,   that   they 
could  not  Hand  to  their  (Juns  ;  the  circular  Battery  ru- 
ined, and  all  its  Cannon  but  three  difinounted  ;  whereby 
the  Harbour  was  dilanned  of  all  it^  principal  B.ittcrie; ; 
the  Well  (late  of   the    City   bcinjT   dcmolidud.  an^l   a 
Breach  made  in  the  adjoining  Wall  ;  the  Well  Flank  of 
the  Riuj^'s  B.illion  ahuod  dellroycd  ;  and  moll  of  their 
other  duns,  wliich  had  been  mounted  iluring  the  Time 
oftlie  Siejy,  being  filcnced  ;  all  the   I  Ionics  and  other 
Buildinps  within  the  City  (fomc  of  which  were  quite  dc- 
molilh'd)  To  damaged,  that  but  one  amonj-^,  them  was  lett 
imhurt  ;  the  Fneiiiy  extremely  harralled  by  ihek    long^ 
ConHnement  within  their  Cafmatcs  ;  and  their  Stock  of 
Au\muniilon  being  almo'.'l:  cxhaullcd,    Mr.  'Duchambon^ 
fent  a  Flag  of  Truce  to  the  Camp  on  the  15th    Day  of 
^uiic  in  the  Afternoon,  deliiingTimc  to  conlidcr  of  Ar- 
ticles of  Capitulation ;  which  was  accordingly  granted  till 
next  Morninc';.  whoa  tliey  fent  Articles  which  were  re- 
ieacd,  and  others  propoled  in  their  Sccad',  4jid  accepted 
"by  tlie  Fnemy  :     xnd  Hoihigcs  being  exchanged  on  the 
fune  Day  for  the  Pcrf'.);-.nance  of  the  Articles,'  on  t!ic 
Day  following,  being  the  \  7 ihoi' June  (^9  Days  after 
t\w  N.'iu  En\lanJ  Ucwhn'hd.  upon  the  Tfland)   the 
City  was  furrendcred,  and  the  Garnibn,  confiiting  of  a- 
bout  rtTO  Regular  Troops,  and  the;  Inhibitants  -i"  the 
City,  being  about  1303  eleaive  Men,    bcHdcs  Women 
and  Ciiildren,  nvidc  Prifoncrs  by  Capitalatlou,  with  the 
Lofs  of  n.'j  more  than  lot  Men  kUled  by  the  F.ncmy, 
and  all  other  Accidents  fron  the  Time  of  their  Landing 
to  tlic  Rediiaion  of  the  Place,  with  about    30  who  died 
of  Sicknefs. 

In  the  Articles  of  Capiru!:aion  propofedby  Mr.  "Du- 

G  c.bam- 


T* 


I 


c  $• 


1/ 


tkmhn  \,  it  \va:  poviJcJ,  ilut  upon  Ins  Siirix^n.lcr  of 
i:.o  Kluncltiif  li.lul)lt.uit;  fliouia  h-vc  tlic.r  (Option  ci- 
tl'AT  to  iKiif.'Oit  tl.culcUcs  aiul  ihcir  Movcal.Ks  to 
J-'uvicc  or  (;.j;;<j./.J,  or  to  rcm.iin  in  C;.;h-  /?";/;".  ^'V» 
Miiov  ilK'ir  Kil..tcs  thorc  with  the  free  Kxocilo  ot  ihctr 
IMiuion;  bill  former  Kxpcricncc  of  the  mikhicvoii? 
IlTt-as  of  the  like  ImKil^;ont:c  to  iho  Inhabitant ;  ot 
^'ova  Sc-Jla  or  Jcadie  hy  the  Tccaty  ot  Ulnuht.oc- 
fiConca  the  latter  Pa, t  of  the  Pmrof..!  to  be  rc>dal. 
;,ik1  they  were  only  permitted,  by  theRatiheDtion  of  the 
Articles  fiiviMy  concliuled  on.  to  tranfport  ihcmfclves 
and  tluir  Kilias  either  to  France  or  CiinaJa  ;  but  not 
t.)  rem:.in  in  the  Colony.  t  i    i 

Upon  the  Surrender  of  Louiih'.urg  the  Inhabitants 
ofihclHand  ofSt.yj/jw's  made  their  Submillion,  de- 
firinc  to  be  included  in  the  Articles  of  Capitulation  gran^ 
ted  to  thofe  of  Cape  Breton,  and  delivering  HoUages 
for  the  Performance  of  them  on  their  Part,  which  was 
ixcordingly  granted.  -^     ,     ,r^    -      „ 

Durina  the  Siege  fomc  of  the  ISIczv  EnglandCxKm.cx^ 
made  a  Dcfcent  upon  the  Illnnd  of  St.  Joh:i\  m  wlv.ch 
they  burnt  fomo  Houfc5,  and  committed  other  Ravages ; 
nnd  Parties  of  the  Bedcgcrs  broke  up   all   the   Jiniing 
Settlements  at  Cape  Breton  ;  and  on  the  i9tU  ot  Mny, 
the  Fi^'iLvit,  a  French  Ship  of  War  of  64  Guns.bound 
for  Lou'ubour^  with  Ordnance  Stores,  fell  in   with  the 
Mermaid  of  40    Guns,   Captain   'Douglas,  who  was 
cnii/int'ata  fmallDiHancc  from   Louisbowg,  and  by 
maintuiiVuKT  a  running  Fight  decoyed  the  French^  Con> 
nv.uidcr  to'foUowhim  till  he  got  in  amoni^^tr.//- arrfw  s 
Ships,whotook  him  after  anF.ngagemenc  of  fomcHours, 
u\  Sight  of  the  Camn  at  Louishurg  ;   which  cut   otl 
dVom  the  Enemy  all  Hopes  of  any  Succour,  and  gave 
"rout  S|  irit  to  the  LandForces  in  carrying  on  the  Siege ; 
and  en  the  14th  of  7«;u',  it  was  determined  by  the  Ge- 
neral and  Commodore  to  make  an  Attack  by  Land  and 
Sea,  as  foon  as  his  Maierty'sShips  Sunderland  and  Can- 

terbury, 

t  Goverror  of  Cape  Lrclon. 


on  bis  Surrcntlcr  of 
,vc  tlu'ir  Option  ci- 
ilicir  MovcmI»!o>  to 
\  (S:\\i-  Pniti,  :inil 
rce  KsCicili*  ot  ilicir 
of  tlic  nriUirKvou^ 
D  ihc  Inlv.ibitaiif.  of 
rcaty  of  t''//v<  /»^  oc- 
nol'.il  to  be  it-jt-ctcil, 
[hcRatilicDtion  of  the 
tranfport  ihcmlclvcs 
ir  Canada  ;    but  not 

:ur(r  the  Inhabitants 
heir  Subniiirion,  clc- 
of  Capitulation  gran- 
delivering  Holtagcs 
heir  Parr,  which  was 

lezu  Et{^landCnmcri 
■  St.  Johns,  \n  which 
mittetl  other  Ravages; 

up  all  the  Fifliing 
m  the  1 9th  of  Alay, 
ar  of  64  Guns.bounJ 
Mcs.  fell  in  with  the 
1   ^Douglas,  who  was 

L'Ai'tshcwg,  and  by 
^cd  the  French  Con> 
n  amonijjMr.//- arrow's 
;cnKnc  of  fomeHours, 
ourg  ;  which  cut  o(V 
y  Succour,  and  gave 
carrying  on  the  Siege ; 
Ictermincd  by  the  Ge- 
1  Attack  by  Land  and 

Sunderland  and  Can- 
terbury, 


C    5i     ] 

terbwy,  which  were  then  d.ily  cxpoaed,  lltnuiJ  ar.iu-  ; 
ccorcltngly  the  next  Pay  all  the  I.. mf  ports  wye  or- 
dcrcd  olfto  take  out  the  I  pare  Malls  and  ^ar.^.  arui 
o  h  T  Lu,nbcr  of  the  Men  of  NVar  ;  and  the  SoMk,  . 
employed  in  gathering  Mols  to  bar..adc  thc.r  Nku.ng. 
and  600  of  then  were  put  on  B^.a-d  the  King  s  S.  , 
t  the  Conunodore's  Ruiuell  to  aihlt  m  the  Att.uk  by 
Sea  ;  but  the  intended  AHIutlt  was  prevented  by  thu 
French  Governor's  lending  out  a  t  lag  <.t  rruce  as  .s 
before  nKntioiud.  on  the  i  6th  and  the  SurrnuKr  .-t 
the  Fort  and  H.itteries  in  the  Harbour  the  Day  lullow. 

'"^The  Attempt  .^.uMmhbnn  ""vt'';;^^, ';"'';;;'! 

cither  in  France,  or  any  part  o  the  /^^f  /'"[■,•      ;; 

£,W;/iJ.  after  they  w<  re  in    Poll.lhm    o[  it,    ke,  t  tl.  • 

WAFIac  Hying  in  the  Port  f.r  aDccoy  to  th;  ^vn,  h 

ral  valuable  Pri/cs  to  it  ;  particular  ytlur.c  .u.nc-va,d 
bound  Ships  fro,n  theS../A  Sea  and  /w//  rnd,es,\uu.^ 
rich  Cargoes  on  Board.to  the  Amount  o^  above  rtao,o.  : 
which  were  prevented  fVom  rn.Tin J  the_  Hai^o^.,  a. 
they  were  making  it,  by  lome  o  Mr.  //  arrcn  .  S^ .  - 
dron  then  lying  there,  which  ,ull  went  out  to  maL.e..,>. 
lures  of  x\^c  French  Siiips  belore  they  could  '^f'^\ 

It  feem«  dubious,  whether  the  taking  of  «h''f^  '•''  t  *» 
under  fueh  Circumftances  was  a  Capture  wiihm  rh..  Im- 
tent  of  the  King  s  Proclamation,  u.d  mtuu  iodihe  C  a,Mu,s 
to  the  Benefit  of  them:  iHt  w.s  not  the  ^h;ps  m  I 
their  Cargoes  belonged  of  Cnurle  to  the  publuk  I  i-  - 
fure  ;  and,  in  fueh  Cafe.would  of  themlelv.-s  Inv,.  .u  -^ 
than  doubly  paid  tlic  Nation's  Kxpencc  .n  thcRedu.t. p 
ofthelfland;  but  this  Point  not  being  moved  m  ..>■. 
Court  of  Admiralty,  where  they  were  conde.nn.-d.  i^' 
Captures  were  treated  as  ordinary  Captures  a:  -■;.;»' 
the  Ships  and  Cargoes  adjudged  a.  Prvrs  to  the  <  )lh. .  1  . 
and  Crews  of  the  Ships  concerned  m  rakitig  them. 

Upon  Mr.  7)j/:-/x-;Vr's  Arrival  in  //.i^a- il'-^  puc^r,- 
ing  Winter,  anj  rcprcfcmiiv^  to  the  Court  oi   k  .7-/.   •  • 


0 


r^mmfrrssin 


A 


[     5^     ] 

the  wcnk  State,  he  loft  N-^va  Scotia  in,  upon  which 
Couiiniirion,  ai  has  been  oblcrvcJ,  Mr.  'J)u'/ue/iiel,  the 
late  Cjovcirior  of  Cape  Breton,  had  lent  him.ic  \v:h  dc- 
ttrinincil  to  fit  our  an  Armanitnt  tioiu  Brc'l  \ox  the  Rc- 
duiflioti  «>r  it ;  and  a  Si]uatlron  of  Rvcn  Ship'j  acconU 
iiij'Jy  Cailctl  from  ihcncc  for  ^4tmapolis  R'^y  a  I,  the  Hr- 
einninj',  of  yw/y  174^  ;  hut  upon  j',aimnyViTtain  Intil- 
lij'.cncc  from  a'Vcllcl,  which  they  took  in  their  l'.iiry;;o. 
ih'at  the  En'jiijh  were  in  PofTtirion  of  Loutihur^,  anJ 
had  a  llronc^  Sijuadron  there,  they  denHeil  from  profe- 
cuting  their  Knterpri/o  againll  Nova  Scotia. 

The  in\mcdiate  Con(ev]uences  of  the  Kspedition  w«.rc 
thcrecoveiim;  the  PoUlllion  of  the  Ilhind  o^  Catifo,  re. 
ilorinjT  the  Engiijh  OhI  Filhery,  and  breaking  up  that 
of  ihc'//r>K7;Vthe  Capture  of  the  preatcll  Part  of 
t!ie  Ficiuh  Tr.ide,  which  that  Year  puHod  throMgh  the 
^^Jtlautic  Ocean  ;  the  freeing  Nora  Scotia  of  tiie  At- 
tempts with  which  it  had  been  continually  harrafPed  from 
Canada  the  Year  before,  and  the  I'rcfcrvuion  of  it  a- 
Rainlt  the  Armatncnt,  which  was  fitted  out  from  Breji 
in  yuly  following. 

Soon  after  making  ihisAcquifition  to  his  M:>jeny's  ^- 
w/fr/fd*/ Dominions,  a  new  Scene  of  DitHcuhies  opened 
in  providing  for  the  Preiervation  of  it,  till  Troops  could 
be  (ent  fron\  Europe  to  garrifon  it ;  which  was  not  done 
till  the  Spring  following. 

M.'ich  the  grcatell  Part  of  the  Nexv-EnglanJ  Forces, 
cfpecially  thofe  of  the  Mafacbufds  Bay,  were  (as  hath 
been  oblerved)  Farmers,  who  own'd  valuable  Freeholds 
in  the  Country,  and  entered  into  the  Service  with  an 
KvpciTlation  oi  returning  home  as  foon  as  the  Siege  was 
ended,  without  conlidering  the  NcccfTity  of  (taying  to 
keep  PolTcllion  oi'  Lcuishurg,  till  they  could  be  relieved 
by  other  Troops  ;  that  Zeal  and  Ardour,  which  made 
thciu  the  forcmoft  to  engage  in  the  Kxpcdition  and  en- 
counter all  Difficulties  in  making  the  Conquclt,  when 
that  was  made,  fooner  abated  in  them,  than  it  did  in  thofc 
who  had  no  Property  in  the  Country,  and  were  only 

Mcrccna- 


1  in,  upon  which 
!r.  Du'iuefi\et,  the 
cnt  him,  it  vv:h  ilc- 
1  Brcll  ior  the  Re- 
cti Shij'S  accoril- 
/;/  R'^yal,  the  Br- 
ininvViTtain  liucl- 
L)k  in  their  I'.ilPago. 
r  Louiihiur^,  and 
enUotl  from  prufc- 

he  Kxpcilition  were 
Ihiml  of  Carifo,  re- 
breaking u]>  that 
c  pre  a  tell  Part  of 
puHod  thro\igh  the 
Scotia  of  the  At- 
iially  harrafTeil  from 
■pferv  uion  of  it  a- 
tJ  out  I'rom    Brejl 

to  his  M:tjcfly's  ^- 
DitHciihics  opened 
t,  till  Troops  could 
which  was  not  done 

'w-EngldfiJ  Forces, 
JBay,  were  (as  haih 
I  valuable  Freeholds 
the  Service  with  an 
)on  as  the  Siege  was 
ccfTity  of  (laying  to 
cy  could  be  relieved 
Krdour,  which  made 
Expedition  and  cn- 
:hc  Conqucd,  when 
^,  than  it  did  in  thofc 
try,  and  were  only 
Mcrccna- 


l    Si    1 

Mercenaries  in  the  Scrvico  :  The  Thought?  tkit  their 
Husbandry  Bufmcfi  and  Families  were  both  rufferinp.  by 
their   AMcncc,  made   them  uncafy  at  being  d.  lamod  at 
Lou'tshurg  ;  and  this  incrcafffd  by  the  inaaive  CJarrilon 
Daty,  which  (uccecded  the  Toihof'.he  Siego,  and   a 
(alt  Icorbutic  Diet  (both  which   they  had  been  unaccuf- 
tomcd  to)  mad.',  them   fickly,  and  i;)on  grew  uuo  Dif- 
content ,  which    fproad  fu  ntuch,   that  the  Gennal  ac- 
quaintcd  the  Mafachuffts  Governor,  his  Prelcnce  was 
necelTIiry  to  allay  it ;  and,  in  the  mean  time,  ro  pacdy  the 
great  Numbers,  which  daily  prellcd  him  tor  Difcharges, 
referred  them  to  him, telling  ihcm  that  he  had  reprcUnt- 
cd  their  Cafe  to  the  Govermr,  who  only  had  Powrr  to 
dilchargc  them,  and  would  come  to  Lmnbnir,^  in  a  fhmt 
time  ;  and  defiling  them  to  ccafc  their  Importunity  tur 
being  dilmiired  only  lill  his  Arrival.  ^ 

(ith.T  CalU  likowife  required  the  Groern-.r  s  r.el.,  ii<  e 
at  Lmabnirf;;  a  Notion  that  liic  Captors  were  miuled 
to  the  Soil  of  the  Kland  had  fo  far  prevailed  ih-rc,  that 
Mr.  IVarren,  in  his  fird  J.nter  to  him  from  thence  ;.ltcr 
the  Reduction  of  it,  defired  his  Opinion  upon  that  Pomr. 
Tho'  this  Midakc  was  very  palpable.as  tluKxpcditioii 
was  at  firft  fct  on  foot  under  a  Proclanuuion  ot  the  King  3 
Governor,  iHlied  by  Virtue  of  his  general  Audionty  re- 
ccivcd  from  tlic  Crown  ;  carried  on  by  Officers   under 
his  Commiirion,  ilTued  by  the  fame  Authority  ;  the  Soi- 
diers  inlilk-d  exprefsly  into  his  Majclly's  Service  for  the 
Expedition  ;  both  Officers  and  Men  fubieaed  to  Courts 
Mattial  crefted  by  his  Governor  upon  that  Occalion  ; 
and  paid  with  the  King's  Money  (for  fucl\  was  everySuin 
raifcd  to  defray  the  Expence  of  the  Expedition,  being 
granted  by  Aa  of  AfTembly  to  his  Majclly  for  that  S^er- 
vicc)  all  wliich  was  fignified  to  the  Commodore  in  An- 
(wer  to   his  Letter  ;  yet  fo  flrongly  had  tl'.e   Opimon 
been  adopted,  that    it  was  tVdl  entertained,  afu!  a  D .y 
thought  of  for  proceeding  to  make  a  Diftribution  of  p;irt 
of  the  conquered  Lands  among  fuch  of  theOlfieeis  and 
Soldiers,  as  would  engage  lo  fcitic  upon  iheai. 


C    5-1     1 

It  wa,  cvldfi.t  lu.A  111  couccrua  .Mruluu  il'in  W|>uia 
proYC,  itin  il.c  Knaur.l.c  Wa.  h..M..Klly  H'-^'M  '  ""^ 
lit  to  make  a  KcH..u.ionutOpo  /;-.•/:.  i../-/mv  ;  buth 

to  thofc,  who  (lu.uia  luvc  I-aiHlsnllwua  .lum   ^lul  the 
public  Mvirmurs  it  inlglu  be  attcndca  svith  :  A  Coi-rt  ot 
Vice  AaiT^iralty    wai  likcwiCc   appo.nu  a    at  ./•y'V^")': 
(in  aeroj^.tion   ufthc  Ju.iiaiv'tu.n  ot  ly.;  .U.|cly  .  luj-l 
t.urt  ot  Aamirulty  in  /Cm'Am^)  for  the  Cmac.niv.  u-. 
ufthc  French  Shii^ntul  their  Cyocs  ;  uml  Notice  1.  at 
tothc  fcvcral  fi//////*  G.lonic<s  upm  tin-  Gminuiu.  il.tt 
Sale  vvouUlbc  HKulc  cfthc.u  inula  luch  C...ulcMnnat.u.[ 
at  a  Time  pre H sea  ;  alUhicU  Procecamg..  .t  cnriKJ 
i«to   FACCUiion.  wouia   prob.bly  have    pvoaucca  Rtc.t 
Confulion;  aiul   it  vv.is therefore  meumb.nt   upon    the 
Governor,  unaer  wiu.fe  CoinnulHun  this  Acqu.(ui«.n  wui 
nmlc  Tor   his  Mnjclly.  una  to  who.n  confaiuently  the 
Exercife  ofhis  Majelly's  CloTernment  w.ih.n  the    ncjv 
Colony  appertainca.  until  his  M.ielly's  IMealurc  (houM 
U  known,  to  ule  his  ut.uotl  Knaeavours  to  prevent  or 

'' Anmher  forcible  Rcafon  for  the  r;.:.n„r's  rcpuirinj^ 
to  Louisbour^  was  ;  the  Conuncxlo.  e  ha.  at  hrll  tukt  .1 
and  kcptPonfmon  of  one  or  more  of  the  Land  liattcr;c^. 
with  his  Marines ;  ana  once  taken  the  Keys  "l  the  Cry 
Gates  into  his  Culloay,  ana  interterM  in  tiie  ^a^al  ( )  - 
fice  •  Thclb  A£ls.  though  gone  into  by  hunon  the  Uul- 
den  ana  but  of  a  very  Ihort  Continuance,  were  ag^ra- 
vatedto  the  M#c^/c'//^  AfTembly  by  .nflanvnatory 
Reports  from  Lowsbmr^  ymA,  together  wnh  ocherStcp. 
he  La  taken,  which  they  conecivca  aa<.!V>tory  to  tin.-. 
Honour  of  tlvc  Province  in  the  late  Kspcauion  gave, 
fuch  Uiubracc,  that  they  were  urg.nttcihe  lalt  Ue- 
,rcc  with  theGovcrnor  to  proceeaaireaiy  ^oLowsb.iop 
una  take  the  Government  of  it  upon  hiui ;  prom.l>ng  m 
hisAbfence  to  encourage  ana  forwara  the  ratdng  Kc 
cruits  for  relieving  the  Troop6.wh.ch  had  l-J"  ^'"r»^  ; 
cd  in  tU  J^iegc  i  ami  to  ufc  cvc.y  othcv  Mealurc      r 


Mriluu  iliis  vvonU 
.«iclly  ili'tviM  think 
-.It  io/''».//(t  i"  ;  bk»th 

\\\{\  luuiuvCutmliU 

iiu»l  ilum,  Jiiul  tl»e 
wiih  :  A  Court  uf 
itcJ   at  Lutiil'-iirt 

the  Comlcmtvitloii 
s  ;  uml  Notice  diit 
;hi'  Coiuiiunt,  tint 
llich  Cc>iulcinn;itii)ti 
:carmi;H,  if  carricJ 

uinlvnt  u^Hni  the 
this  Acquidtion  waj 
[\  coiifcqucntly  the 
nt  within  the  new 
y's  IMcallirc  (hiniM 
ivoiirs  to  jircviiit  or 

"ovcrMr\  rcpuirinj* 
f  hiul  at  fird  tukiil 
"the  Land  H.ittcrics, 
ic  Keys  ot  the  Ciry 
•din  tileNa^al()t■- 
by  him  on  the  fiul- 
rancc,  were  aRK';'" 
ly  by  iriflaminutory 
iher  with  oihcrStc|w 
\\  (Icroj'.atory  to  the 
e'  K\pciliiion,  gave 
T^nt  to  the  lalt  IX- 
rc6tly  KoLowilynojr, 
I  him  ;  pomilinj-;  in 
/urd  the  r-iilinf,  l-^-c- 
b  liad  been  cinidoy- 
otbci  Mealurc  ^or 
flip. 


r  $$  1 

fapmutinutho  ncvCr.q.rd  from  B^flm  ;  all  N^blch.  In 
the Te.ntr  they  wir.  tlu.nv.,  mfo.  thoy  wonid  haro 
boor,  llu  ciMd.>fnR.  if  thed.mrnorlud  not  .o.nphcd 
wi;.;  their  !X..re?  and  bende.,  «'-  '^^-1;';;  /;;;'- 
/,;;..  .verc  impatient  fov  hii  Arnvn  there  •■}\^ ^''l^l^ 
deiei.uined  .oVroeced  thithc:  m  h.-.  Ma)cny';Sh  P /A.r- 
/,')  which  Mr!  Il'-arrcn  had  ic.i?  to  Bojlon  forthatPur- 

I'ole,  atid  waited  for  him.  , 

^  Hclure  he  c.nba.k'd.  the  commandmR  Officer  of  the 
RhotUJ/!.w,l  Tvooy^.  which  wire  thettjud  railed,  ai- 
rived  at  /;.//'/i  ;  s^'th  Difpatche.  from  tlie  Covcrnor  of 
that  CMnf.  acquaintiin.  him,  that  the  I  [.""P;!  ^/^ 
ready,  and  lie  bid  lent  the  OH.cer  to  li.m  forlt.s  (  r- 
dern;  This  beinp.  an  .cceptablc  Corns  de  rclervc  to- 
ward*  relieving  tlio  Troopi  at  Loutshur^ir  uu\,  a«  it 
happened,  mdl  opportunely  /."^cd  than  if  they  had 
alli'llcd  in  the  Siege,  he  ordered  dire^  y  thither. 

Upon  the  Governo.^  Arrival  at    Lmasbour^   a   RC- 
ncal   loy    appeared   in   ilic  Trcxips,    whicii  was  Ibll 
I  c^hten'J  in  .'      Men   by   an    Kxpeaat.on  of  haymg 
a  Ihort  Pay  fx'd  for  their  being  relieved:  on  the  other 
hand.  thcNcccir.ty  whieh  the  Governor  was  under  of 
difappointins  thcle  Hopcc  in  a  grcrt   njcafurc,  was   no 
liualf  Kmbarrafsm.nt  to  him  :  It  was  thought  moll  ad- 
vifcable  upon  this  Occ.dion.that  he  mould  Ineak  to  every 
Regiment  (tparatcly,  and  that  Regiment   Ipoke  to  lir  i, 
wbih  was  tLught^o  be  the  leall  d.lcontcntc.  ;  he  ob- 
ferved  to  them.  "  that  ir  was  a  molhinreafonableNotion, 
"  which   he  heard  forac  had  entertained,  that   the  fc.x- 
"  ncdition  was  to  c  nd  with  the  Siege  and  Surrender  ot 
"  Louisboun ',  that  they  had  entered  into  It,  iti  order 
"  to  make  a'Conquell  (which  to  their  Honour  they  had 
-.  Ivvppily  elTbacdf)  for  the  Service  of  their  King  ami 
"  Country,  not  to  abandon  it  immediately   after  to  the 
"  EiKmy:  Thatforllcuiing  the  Benefit  of  It,  It  was 
"  necclBry   a  fufticicnt  Number  of  ihem  iWd  keep 
-  PolfelTion  till   they   could   be    relieved    by    other 
«  Troop^,which  he  hoped  would  foon  be  done  by  omc 


,  -i&  Al 


[    S6    ] 

"  of  his  Majcfty's  Regiment?  from  Ewcpc  ;  nnJ  In  tlie 
"  mean  time,  till  they  Ihoiikl  arrive,  Recruits  were 
"  raidng  in  the  Colonies  for  the  fame  Purpofe  ;  that  as 
"  fall  as  they  were  tranfported  to  Louhbow^  the  Sol- 
*'  dicr!?  of  the  nrefeni  (larrKbn  IhoiilJ  be  fcnt  Home  ; 
"  and  that  he  movdd  dilehargc  as  mnny  of  them  in  prc- 
"  fent,  as  was  confident  with  the  Safety  of  the  Place  ; 
"  that  before  he  lcfti?9//5«,hc  iiad  taken  care  to  get  their 
*'  Bounty  enlarged,  and  other  Votes  of  Aifcmbly  pafTed 
"  in  their  f\ivour ;  and  for  thofe,  whofeLot  it  ftiould  be 
"  to  remain  in  Garrifbn  fomc  time  longcr.nothing  in  his 
«'  Power  fliouldbc  wanting  for  their  Eafe  and  Comfort 
"  in  that  Situation," 

The  Regiment  Hid:  fpoken  to  exprefTed  their  Satis- 
fa£fion  in    the  Airurances  given    them,    by  the  ufual 
Acclamations  on  fuch  Occafions ;  which  Example  was 
followed  by  the  red  ;  and  their  lateUneafinefs  fo  great- 
ly fublided,  that  for  live  or  (ixWceks  they  went  through 
every  Part  of  their  Duty  with  great  Chearfulnefs  and 
Alacrity  ;  particularly  upn  an  Alarm  of  a  /Vfnf^Squa- 
dron's  having  j^afTed  by,    fuppofed  to  be  dcdincd   for 
Annapolis  Royal,  on  which  Occafion  600  Soldiers  were 
wanted  on    board  Mr.  JVarren\  Squadron,    which  was 
upon  the  Point  of  failing  to  the  Bay  oi  Funda  in  queit 
of  it,  that    Number  entered  as  Volunteers  into  thcScr- 
vice,  and  came  on  board  his  Ships  in  14  Hours   Time. 
At  the  End  of  fix  Weeks  an  Uneafinefs  again  broke 
out  among  them,  and  grew  much  higher  than  the   for- 
mer,towards  raifing  which  manyCircumftances  concurred. 
A  Sicknefs,  which   fwept  off  in  the   whole    15  or 
1600,  daily  increafed  among  them :  The  Majpichufetts 
Troops,  which  made  three  fourths  of  the  Garrifon,  had 
been  difappoinred  iri  their  Expeftations  of  feveral  things 
from  the  Aflembly  ;  the  Cloaths  and  Woollens,  they 
carried  with  them,  were  foon  worn  out  in  hard  Duty 
during  the  Siege  ;  and  a  fufficient  Quantity  was  not^  to 
be  purchafed  in  the  MaJJachufeU  Province  for  relieving 
their  inuuediate  Wants,  as  the  Aflembly  had  undertaken 

to 


•'TT' 


Ewcpc  ;  ami  in  the 
live,  Recruits  were 
nc  Purpofe  ;  tiiat  as 
Louffbou'ff  the  Siol- 
11  hi  be  fcnt  Home  ; 
liny  of  ihom  in  pre- 
Safcty  of  the  Phicc  ; 
:ikcn  care  to  get  their 
s  oF  Alfemhly  pafTed 
hofeLot  it  ihouldbc 
longer, nothing  in  his 
ir  Eale  and  Comfort 

cprefTed  their  Satis- 
thcm,  hy  the  ufual 
vhich  Example  was 
eUneafinefs  fogreat- 
ts  they  went  through 
It  Chearfulnefs  and 
rm  of  a  FrenchScp^i- 

to  be  defined  for 
on  600  Soldiers  were 
quadron,  which  was 
jy  o£  Funda  in  queit 
>luntcers  into  thcScr- 
in  14  Hours  Time, 
leafinefs  again  broke 
lighcr  than  the  for- 
:umftances  concurred, 
n  the  whole  15  or 
-.The  Mafachu/etts 

of  the  Garrifon,  had 
tions  of  feveral  things 
and  Woollens,  they 
L  out  in  hard  Duty 
Quantity  was  not  to 
Province  for  relieving 
:mbly  had  undertaken 
to 


to  do,  that  they  might  have  them  at  the  prime  Cods  ; 
the  Pay  allowed  them  had  from  the  Beginning  been 
much  lefs  tlian  the  Eflablifhment  for  the  Conne^lcut 
Troops ;  and  their  Families,  according;  to  the  ufiaal 
Courlc  of  Colony  Pay, could  receive  no  Part  even  of  that 
till  the  End  of  their  Service  :  And  further,  a  new  No- 
tion had  been  infufed  into  all  the  Troops,  that  three 
Months  being  elapfed  fmce  the  Surrender  of  the  Place, 
they  had  a  Right  to  demand  their  Difmiflion  ;  whichthe 
greateft  Part  o?  them  had  entered  into  a  Combination  to 
do  early  the  next  Morning  upon  the  public  Parade  be- 
fore the  Fort. 

Late  in  the  Afternoon  before  this  Defign  was  to  be 
put  in  Execution,  Information  was  given  of  it  to  the 
Governor  ;  whereupon  two  or  three  ot  the  Ring-leaders 
were  fecufcd,  and  the  Men  off  Duty  ordered  into  their 
Barracks. 

In  a  Council  of  War  called  upon  thisOccafion  it  wa« 
the  unanimous  Opinion,  that  the  Fay  of  the  Maffacbu* 
fitts  Troops  ought  from  that  Day  to  be  raifed  to  the 
Connedicut  Eftablilhment ;  that  if  the  Governor  would 
give  them  an  abfolute  Promife,  that  that  ihould  be  done, 
it  would  be  fatisfaftory  to  them  ;  but  that  if  he  proceed- 
ed no  further  than  to  affure  them  he  would  exert  his 
bcft  Endeavours  with  the  Aflemblv  to  have  their  Pay 
raifed,  their  prefent  Temper  and  Difcontent  w.cre  fuch, 
as  that  it  would  have  no  effeft  upon  the  Men. 

Orders  were  given  the  fame  Night,  that  an  extraor- 
dinary Number  of  Officers  fliould  continually  walk  the 
Rounds  till  Morning  ;  and  that  the  feveral  Regiments 
fliould  be  very  early  drawn  up  ai  their  refpeftive  alarm 
Ports  for  the  Governor  to  fpeak  to  them  :  Accordingly 
the  Day  following  "  he  nromifed  the  Majfachufetts 
Troops,  that  their  prefent  Pay  of  2$s.  per  Month  of 
the  new  Tenor  Majfachufetts  Currency,  fliould 
ifrom  that  Day  be  raifed  to  40/.  to  all  fuch  of  them 
as  Ihould  be  detained  at  Louisbour^  till  Spring  ;  ac- 
quainted them  thit  for  proyidinr,  Cloaths  for  them,  as 

H  far 


4* 
it 


u 


u 


— »-^! 


a 


f;,?! 


a^iii 


C  y8  ] 

»  far  as  was  in  his  Power,  he  had.  two  Months  before 
"  defired  the  Governor  of  New  ^ork  and  renfilvauui 
to  procure  for  him  whatWoollens  they  cou  d  atiV..- 
Ysrk  and  PHladelpbia  upon  his  own  Bills,  m  ad- 
..  di  on  to  what  the  Aflembly  flunUd  be  able  to  buy  up 
"  in  BoPn  ;  that  he  had  lately  received  Advice  that  a 
"  large  quanV'ty  of  Woollens  were  ih.ppcd  for  h.m  from  , 
<'  Philadelphia,  and   th.at   he   expefted  a    (upply  o 

-  Cloaths  o^f  all  Kinds,  and  Bedding  for  them  would 
fpeedily  arrive  at  Louisb^ur^^  ;  that  he  had  ordered 
the  Mufter-RoUs  of  every  Company  to  be  made  up, 
and  each  Man's  Account  ftatcd  ;  and  would  take 
care  upon  his  Return  to  Bopn.  that  whatever  was 
due  to  any  of  them,  Ihould  be  forthwith    paid  to 

"  their  refpeftiveOrders  :  And  he  informed  the  rrooi)s 
*'  inReneral,  that  he  expefted  a  conf|derable  Number 

-  of  Recruits  were  now  upon  ^l^cir  PalTage  to  ioM/j- 

-  bourjr ;  th^t  he  would  ciifcharge  by  the  Middle  of 
"  Oafber  as  many  of  thofe,  who  had   ferv  d  at   the 

-  Siege  as  would  reduce  the  Garrifon  to  2000  ;  which 
«  Number,  it  was  abfolutely  neccflary  he  (hould  retam 
"  durine  the  Winter  for  the  Security  of  the  Place  ;  and 
*'  he  would  befides  permit  a  Number,  not  exceeding 
"  thirty,  fuchasthe  Army  fhould  pitch  upon ,  to  go 
"  to  New-England  upon  Furlow,  in  order  to  procure 
"  fuchNecellariesorConvcmenciesfoi  them,  as  they 

**  fliould  defire."  .-  ,        , 

Upon  theie  Aflurances  they  were  pacified,  and  no 
Difcontcnt  appeared  afterwards  among  them  during  the 
whole  Time  of  their  Service  at  Lotitsbourg. 

After  the  Governor's  coming  to  ioM/jtswr^.  all  iho  ts 
of  aDiftribution  of  the  conquered  Lands  among  the 
Captors  were  lay'dafide  ;  aStop  was  put  to  theProceed- 
ings  of  the  new  Coart  of  Vice  Admiralty,  and  intended 
Sale  of  the  French  Ships  and  Cargoes;  all  Pom"  were 
fettled  to  general  Satisfaction, and  an  Harmony  fubfifted, 
the  whole  time  between  i\,^  Governor  General  and 
Oommodore-,  the  latter  of  whofe  Conduft  with  regard 
^the  fevo  al  Po:nt^.,  upn  which  the  ^^f'^'^^^^^^ 


ft 


tt 
tt 


tt 
tt 


NO  Months  before, 
i  and  Penfilvanta 
they  could  ■AxNetV' 

own  Bills,  in  ad- 
J  be  able  to  buy  up 
civcd  Advice  that  a 
i^ippcd  for  him  from  » 
»cfted  a  fupply  of 
g  for  them  would 
hat  he  had  ordered 
iny  to  be  made  up, 
;  and  would  take 
that  whatever   was 

forthwith  uaid  to 
nformed  the  rroojis 
•nfiderable  Number 
ir  PalTagc  to  Louis- 

by  the  Middle  of 

had  ferv'd  at  the 
on  to  2  GOO  ;  which 
fary  he  Ihould  retain 
ty  of  the  Place;  and 
ibcr,  not  exceeding 
I  pitch  upon ,  to  go 

in  order  to  procure 
;s  jfoi  them,  as  they 

ere  pacified,  and  no 
jng  them  during  the 
uisbourg. 

Louisbourg,  all  iho'ts 
d  Lands  among  the 
ls  put  to  theProceed- 
liralty,  and  intended 
Toes;  all  Points  were 
n  Harmony  fubfifted, 
vernor,  General  and 
Conduft  with  regard 
i  the  Mafachufetts 
Aflem- 


[  S9  ] 
Afl-embly  had  conceived  fome  Difguft,  the  Governor 
aaTcd  in  fo  jurt  a  Light  to  them,  that  upon  h.srecom- 
SiiV^ietter  of  Thanks  -  be  fent  hjm  by  the 
General  Court  for  his  pubhc  Services,  a  Vote  was  ac 
CO  din  ly  paired  for  pacing  the  Complm.ents  of  thePj^^^ 
vince  t^o  him,  at  the  fame  tunc  that  they  voted  the  like 

to  be  fent  to  the  General.  ^    ,  ,    ,       -c    i  tt. 

The  Conquert  of  Cape  ^r./*«  afforded  the  Enghfi 
great  Adva.uages  for  attempfmg  theRcdMft^n  oi  Ccn^ 
rfa  as  the  PoffelTion  of  it  together  with  AT^^a  ScoUa. 
te  th  m  the  intire  Commandof  theGtdf  of  St  X«,.- 
Ince,  .nd  Entrance  into  the  R.vcr  ^.^l/^f  V,  c^ 
had  ir  then  in  their  Power  to  rut  off  guebec,  in  wh.ch 
conf  a  he  principal  Strength  of  the  Country,  from  re- 
cerv.nR  any  Support  from  France  :  Many  otherC.rcum- 
fta'Ice?  ni7ewifJconcurred  to  favour   an  Attempt  agamrt 

"  t:^2TL.  undoubted  Account,  that  iV/^.J^ 
^mkCadaraquHFronteuac)  were  then  fowcak,th..t  the 
Fr.t.twe7^np^^  firll  News,  they  nu>uld 

hear  wouTi  be,  that  the  E.glijf^  had  taken  iho  c  Forts  ; 
cfpecblly  as  they  could  not  fend  a  (vifhccnt  Number  of 
£ fil  Canada  to  defend  them  for   waut  of  Provt- 

'"^The  Weaknefs.of  the  latter  of  thefcPlaees  was  a  nrtoft 
mate  al  Circumlhnce  ;  as  the  fafeft  and  bolt  W  .y  then 
for  carryL  Troops  into  the  llncmy's  Country  was  by 
Of^Jo,.Lk  Lake  Ontarn,  and  down  the  R.va-  /-.. 
«i;c  ^called  bv  the  French  St.  Lawrence)   the  1  alii.jro 
Ctgh  wh^^^^^^  Montreal  lui.g  with  tlu.  Stream,  may 
be  ma'de  in  four  Days,  and  ajbrds  good  P  ace.    or  etv 
camping   every  Night  free  of  Ambufcadc.    ^u   jv^'/; 
Landing  for  the  Men   upon  the  1   and  of  Montna^ 
from  a,?  Eminence  on  which,  it  is  lual,  u  may  be  ea    v 
reduced  in  a  few  Hours  ;  and  tl.crc  t.  bcf.de.  a   (a 
llland   within  Camion  Shot  of   the  Cuy,  which   wa.. 
Jhat  time  without  any  Fctifieations.  .nd  wtth  no   ck  ve 
twenty  Inhabitants  upon  it,  and  b.ingt..ken  ^^^^'^|;^;'';|: 


[     6o     ] 

greatly  favoured  the  Attack  of  that  Place  ;  fo  tliat  al>e- 
Iccnt  made  on  Montreal  by  aooo  Troops  through  thw 
Route,  at  the  fame  time  that  a  like  Body  of  them  made 
another  by  Chambly,  acrofs  the  Lake  Champtain,  mull 
have  abfolutely  fecured  the  Reduftion  of  it. 

According  to  the  beft  Information,  the  Number  of 
fighting  Men  in  all  Canada,  including  their  regular 
Troops,  did  not  then  exceed  12,000  ;  nor  their /rk://fl«J, 
which  they  call  'Domkiites,  or  Refident  within  Canada, 
900  :  And  what  were  efteemed   two  very  favourable 
Circumftances  were,  that  the  Government  of  Canada 
was,  at  that  time,  fo  jeslpus  of  the  Indians  of  the  Six 
Nations,  that  the  French  Traders  were  lUictly  forbid  to 
employ  any   of  them  in  carrying  their  Goods  over   tlae 
Niagara  Carrying-place,  for   fear  they   fliould  take  a- 
wav  vheir  Powder,  and  then  feize  upon  the  Fort  ;  and 
thnt  upon    the  Rcduihcn  of  Cape  Breton,  Canpda  was 
look'd  upon  by  the  Inhabitants   to  be  in  fo  defpcrate  a 
State,  that  it  was  <houglu,  if  it  was  made  known  there, 
that  fuch  of  them,  as  would  not  take  up  Arms   againft 
the  Englijh,  fiiould  be  permitted  upon  theReduAion  of 
the  Country   to  remain  tiicrc,  and  enjoy  their  Eftates 
and  Fortunes,  and  that  fuch,  who  did  take  -up  Arms, 
Ihould  be  oblig'd   to  leave   Canada,  and  forfeit   their 
Eflates,  not  one  iVlan  in  ten  would  appear  in  Arms. 

The  Governor  therefore  concertcdMcafuics  with  the 
General  and  Mr.  fVarrcn,  then  lately  made  Admiral 
Jf^arren,  who  both  agreed  with  him  in  Sentiment,  for 
forming  an  Attempt  againlt  it  the  ncxtYear ;  and  before 
his  leaving;  Louisbonrg,  he  and  the  Admiral  propofed 
the  making  one  in  a  joint  Letter  to  his  Majefty's  Minif- 
icrs  ftir  tlieir  Confideration. 

November  the  30.  The  Governor  having  flayed  at 
Lcuisbourg  as  long  as  theSeafon  of  the  Year  would  per- 
mit, and  'the  Occafions  of  his  Majefty's  Service  in  his 
Government  of  the  Mafachufetts  Bay  would  allow  of 
Iji^  Abfcnce,  and  done  every  thing  in  his  Power  for  the 
5j;ecurity  of  the  new  Accjuifuion,  until  bis  Majefty'« 

Troops, 


ace  ;  fo  that  aDe- 
roops  through  chv: 
ody  of  them  made 
!  Chamflain,  mull 
1  of  it. 

the  Number  of 
iing  their  regular 
;  nor  their /rk://flnj, 
;nt  within  Canada, 
0   very  favourable 
•nmcnt  of  Canada 
Indians  of  the  Six 
re  Ihictly  forbid  to 
ir  Goods  over  tlae 
hey  Ihoiild  take  a- 
pon  the  Fort  ;  and 
ret  on,  Canada  was 
»c  in  fo  defpcrate  a 
made  known  there, 
c  up  Arms   againft 
on  theReduftion  of 
mjoy  their  Eftates 
lid  take  .up  Arms, 
,  and  forfeit   their 
ippear  in  Arms. 
IMcafuics  with  the 
tdy   mudc  Admiral 

in  Sentiment,    for 
xtYear ;  and  before 

Admiral    propofed 
:iis  Majefty's  Minif 

>r  having  (layed  at 
[he  Year  would  per- 
;fty's  Service  in  his 
?tjy  would  allow  of 
n  his  Power  for  the 
until  his  Majefty'« 
Troops, 


[     ^i     ] 

Troops,  which  were  ejcpcfted  very  early  in  the  Spring, 
Ihould  arrive  to  take  pofleflTion  of  it,  embarked  for  Bef- 
ton  \  where  he  landed  in  the  beginning  of  'Dectmbtr. 

The  Spring  following  an  Expedition  by  Land  and 
Sea  was  formed  by  his  Majeny's  Orders  \viEngland  for 
the  Reduftion  of  Ca«fl^a,under  the  Command  of  Lieut. 
General  St.  Clair,  to  be  attempted  with  eight  Battalions 
of  regular  Forces  in  coiMunftion  with  fuch  Troops,  as 
could  be  raifed  in  time  for  it  in  l^orth  America  ;  to- 
gether with  a  Squadron  of  his  Majefty's  Siiips  under  the 
Command  of  Rear  Admiral  fVarren. 

Upon  this  Occafion  the  general  Plan.which  had  been 
concerted  in  England  for  that  Service,  was  tranfmitted 
to  the  Governor  of  the  Mafachufetts  Bay,  with  his 
Majefty's  Orders  to  him.that  upon  the  Arrival  of  Lieut. 
General  St.  Clair  at  Louisbovrg  he  fiiould  proceed 
thither  with  fuch  Troops,a«  he  was  able  to  raife  by  that 
Time  within  his  own  Government,  in  order  to  confult 
with  the  General  and  Admiral  upon  the  moft  advifeable 
Scheme  for  effcfting  the  Conqueft  of  Canada  ;  and  ac- 
quainting him  that  in  cafe  they  and  he  ftiould  think.that 
any  other  Plan  might  be  more  praaicable,  it  would  be 
left  to  them  three  to  do  as  they  ftiould  think  proper. 

By  the  Plan  lent  from  England  it  was  propofed  that 
the  Troops  to  be  raifed  in  the  MafachufettsBay.  New 
HampJhire,Conneaicut,  and   Rhode  I/land  ftiould  ren- 
dezvous at  Louisbourg  as  foon  as  poftible,  and  proceed 
up  the  River  St.  Lawrence  with  his  Majefty's  Ships  and 
the  regular  Troops  to  Quebec  ;  and  thofe  raifed  in  the 
Colonies   of  New  Tork,  Penjihania,  Maryland  and 
Virginia  Jhould  rendezvous  at  Albany,  in  order  to  pro- 
ccecl  from  thence  acrofs  the  Country  by  Land  to  Mont- 
real, as  foon  as  they  ftiould  receive  Intelligence  that  his 
Majefty's  Ships  had  entered  the  River   St.  Laivren:c, 
and  form  the  Siege  of  that  Place. 

As  to  the  particular  Number  of  Men  to  be  raifed  in 
any  of  the  Provinces,  that  was  not  limited  by  his  Ma- 
iefty  }  but  it  was  fignified  in  hi$  Inftruftions  to  his  Go- 

vcnors, 


1 


Ternors,that  his  Majctty  hoH  the  Troopc  whi.h 
ihouia  be  raifcd  in  the  fcveral  Colonics,  would  a»no»ni 
in  the  whole  to  at  lealt  5000.  7  ,„,i  ,u , 

WhiHt  Prcrirar:«tion5  were  tni^Jtiiig  m  England -^nA  the 
the  i?W//>  Colonies  ml^orth  Jmcrica  for  prolccutmg 
ihis  Enternrize,thc  French  were  cmployoa  in  htt.n^,  out 
an  Armament  from  Brcf}  and  the  7/v//  /.^/...    vvh.ch 
in  Coniunftion  with  a  liody  of  Lam  Purees  to  be  uilcd 
in  Canada,  was  deiUncd  for   the   Rcduaion  ot   iScva 

The  Quota's  of  Troop,  raifed  in  the  fcveralG.lonie« 
conccrned-in  the  Expedition  ngainftC<|««.At  were  n»  fcl- 
lov.^  ;  the  Mafachufets  Bay,  which  r,  ever  the  U-admjj 
Province  in  all  Enterpri/cs  for  h.s  Majody's  Scrviceund 
ihe  common  Caule,  fct  the  (irll  Exnmi  h.  upon    t.ui  mi- 
portant  Occafion  ;  nnd  notwrchdanding  u  had   \o\\  lu.-i 
Loo  of  its  fightingMen  in  the  Service  of  the  pread..." 
Year,  granted  a  Bounty  for  encouraging  the  mhl hng  .4 
:?,-oo,withfuehaSumns  Ihould  be   neeellary  lor  de- 
fnying  the  Expence  of  Tranfports   and  Prov.i.ans  tor 
du-.a  r  A  Bounty  was  given  by  die  Pr.n.ncc  ol    .V... 
nyk  forenliUing  t6oo  ;  by  the  Coony  of  C.m/.v  ^a  ^ 
for  1000  ;    by   Ne..  HampJInrc  for  500  ;   by  Rhd 
Ifland  for  30a ;  by  the  Ncv  Jcrjks  for  500  ;  by  Ma- 
ryland ^ov\oo  ;  by  Virginia  tor  loo  ;  nnd  400  M.n 
were  raifed  in  Penjihania  ;  amounting  in  the  whole  to 
8200,  cxclulive  of^thc  four  Independent  Companies  of 
l^r-M  York,  whofe  Complement  is  100  Men  eacli. 

The  Colony  Troops  were  raifed  with  great  Dilixitch  ; 
and,  though  the  Packets  containing  his  Majelly  s  Orders 
for  the  fevfral  Governors  did  not  arrive  ^xBo^lon  till  the 
latter  End  <^- M«7,  yet  the  Mafacbujcts  forces  with 
their  Tranfjwrts  were  got_  ready  to  proceed  to  l^outj- 
^^«re  by  the  Middle  of  7m/)'.  ,       tvt     i,    «r 

ll,c  moll  coaunodious  Route  for  the  Match  of 
Troops  whh  Artillery  from  .Many  to  ^/f  f  ^^.,^^'"8 
over  the  Lak-  Lyfuols,  comn.only  called  Lake  C /;.;«- 
;U,bv    ^on^■^   Frcd.kk.^o^Pon.tdcLhc.2> 


i  Troop<;,  whiih 
les,  would  amount 

1  England  and  the 
ca  for  prolccuting 
loyctl  in  Httinf,  out 

Forces  to  be  riiilcil 
ciUk^tion  ot   JS'cvn 

he  rcvcrrilG>lonie« 
(in«(/£i  were  as  fcl- 

i",  ever  the  Ifadinv', 
ajv^dy's  Service  ant! 
ij  lo  ujion  tl;ii  i4U- 
ig  ii  had  loll-  n«?r.r 
cc  oF  the  preccdiii", 
ring  the  inlUrmg  <4' 
:  neccdiiiy  l*>r  de- 
and  Priwilions  twr 

Pnnincc  ol"  vVc-ry 
jny  of  Coniu'cTirut 
»r  500  ;   by  -K/'Wc 

for  500  ;  by  Ma- 
lO  ;  nnd  400  Men 
ing  in  the  whole  to 
ident  Comj-anics  ok 

00  Men  each. 

A'iih  great  Difpatch; 
lisMajclly's  Orders 
'ivc  MBofiofi  till  the 
bujl-ts  Forces  with 
proceed  to  Louif- 

(or   the   Match    of 

1  to  Montreal  being 
called  Lake  Cham- 

Point  de  Chevntx, 
cnllcd 


[     <53    1 

called  bv  the  E>^zl>fJ^  Crown  Point  ;  the  Rf dnfV.on   rf 
tlS  wa,  tholftht  very  nute.i.l  ;    thoug.  u  IhouW 
not  tHovc  anv  area?  Obdniaion  to  a  large  Body  ot  tor 
Bot  .Pro^c  a'7  ^  .  i   ^,.,5  n„t  advifeable  to  leave  it 

Lake TuRht  to  be  open  to?  a  Communication  of  Intch- 

gence  between  the  tolonjc.  and  A-Y- -/  ^«J ^'n 
Tranfix,rtation  of  Provil.ons.  Sto,cs.  and  ^^cn   l<an 
forcements.  which  it  might  be  neceHury  to  fend  after  .t 
in  Support  of  the  Siege  ot  Ahntreal. 

Ex^eUve  of  this,  there  were  two  other  very  Urong 
Reafons  for  making  thi.  Attempt ;  '^'Jf^lJ^^^.t 
tiers  of  New  England  and  the  Provmcc  ot  yv«w  i  art 
as  far  as  the  cVof  Albany,  had  experienced  moll  mif- 
chievous  EffeftsVrom  this  Fort ;  it  (brved  the  French:^ 
a  Place  of  Rendezvous  to  fit  out  Parties  from,  both  of 
L^X.  and  Indians  to  make  In-fions  and  Dcp^ 

dations  upon  tho  adjacent    f""^°""/^.;l^' .f  ""^C' 
which  they  had  greatly  galled  even  dunng  th  ^  AVar. 
burning  and  deftroyingthe  wholeVillagc  oi  ^.fflT' 
andFort  Mafachufets  itfelf ;  and  was  hkew.fe  a  P^acc 
of  Safety  for  themrupon  thcirRctrcat  from  anyot  thefe 
Fntern  Ls     It  was  beddcs  abfolutely  necclTary  to  cm- 
^t  is  iSn  as  pon-.ble  the  Indtans  of  the  She  Nat.on., 
^ho^weclch^dependedupon  for  their  Air.ftance   m 
d-s  Attempt  •  as  the  EnM  had  loll  the.r  goodOpmi- 
o^anrSea,  togethe/w(th  their  ^^r^^M^Z 
to  their  Intereft  in  nothmg  more  than  luftc  mg  tnu 
Femh  to  build  this  Fort.fo  nothing  eould  more  retrieve 
S  Influence  over  them  and  all  the  Indians  depe  - 
dent  upon  them,  than  the  ReduftioA  of  it  :  The  Acqui- 
re therefore  of  this  Fort,  in  cale  even  of  the  otle 
Parts  of  the  Expedition's  being  dropped  or  attended 
w  Uh  MisLune  L  the  Pr^fecution  of  it,  wou  d  ma 
great  ireafure,  of  itfelf,  recompenfe  the  Northern  Lo- 

lonies  for  their  Expcnce  in  it. 

Astteefora  the'^Seafonof  *c  Year  was  =tenc,np. 

tlic  Arraafflcnt  from  Engkmd  not  amvcJ  M  i'"'"''*=^<j 


V?' 


C    <J4   3 

and  an  Atfempt  for  the  Rcduftion  of  this  Fort  before 
the  Englijh  \  Icct  had  entered  the  River  St.  Lawrence 
was  not  a  materiiil  Variation  fronpi  the  eeneral  Plan  for- 
med in  England,  and  would  redeem  Time  for  carrying 
on  the  Siege  of  Montreal,  the  Governor  of  the  Majfa- 
chuj'ets  Bay  propofcd  to  Admiral  M^'arren,  who  was 
joined  with  him  and  General  St.  Clair  to  fettle  the  Plan 
of  Operations  for  the  general  Expedition,  to  employ  ia 
prefent  a  fufficient  Part  of  the  Colony  Troops,  as  well 
thofe  of  New  England  as  of  the  Southern  Provinccs.in 
an  Attempt  againlT  theFort  at  Crown  Point ;  which  was 
accordingly  agreed  upon,  and  the  neceflary  Difpofitions 
concerted  between  them,  and  the  Governor  of  New 
Tori,  who  then  had  the  chief  Command  of  thcSouthern 
Troops,  and  was  hearty  for  the  Enierprize. 

In  .Augujl  1746  Mr.  "De  Ram/ay  entered  Minas 
with  a  Body  of  1700  Canadians  and  Indians  with  De- 
sign, as  was  then  apprehended,  to  work  upon  the  ./ica- 
dians  to  take  up  Arms  againft  the  Engliji,  and  in  cafe 
he  could  not  effect  ic  that  Year,  to  winter  there,  and  pre- 
pare them  for  it  agaiail  the  enfuing  Spring  :  But  it  af- 
terwards appeared,  that  his  principal  View  was  to  be 
ready  to  jom  in  an  Attack  upon  the  Fort  at  AnnaMlis 
Royal,  as  foon  as  the  Armament  fitted  out  from  Breli 
the  fame  Year  under  the  Command  of  Duke  'D^Anville 
for  the  Reduftion  of  Nova  Scotia  Aiould  arrive  in  the 
Bay  of  Funda  ;  in  expectation  of  which  he  proceeded  to 
the  Diftrift  of  Annapolis  River,  and  eticaraped  within 
one  Mtie  and  an  half  of  the  Fort. 

The  Majfachufets  Governor,  upon  receiving  Intelli- 
gence fromMr.  Mafcarene  of  Mr.  "De  Ramfey^^owxa, 
determined  to  fend  1500  cf  the  Majfachttfets  Troops 
to  Annapolis  Rayal,  to  prevent  theExecution  of  his  Dc- 
ilgns,  the  Remainder  of  them  being  then  deftined  to 
make  an  Attempt  againft  the  French  Fort  at  Crown 
Point,  in  Conjunftion  with  thofe  of  New-Tork  and  the 
Southern  Governments ;  and  ordered  600  of  them  to  be 
forthwiiU  cmbvked  j  Admiral  JVarren,  who  was  then 


fthis  Fort  before 
.iver  St.  Lawrence 
e  general  ?\*n  fof- 
Timc  for  carrying 
rnor  of  the  Majfa- 
kk  arren,  who  was 
ir  to  fettle  the  Plan 
Jition,  to  employ  ir\ 
[ly  Troops,  as  well 
uthern  Provinccs.in 
1  Point ;  which  was 
ccflary  Difpofitions 
Governor  of  Nev; 
land  of  theSouthcra 
srprize. 

^ay  entered  Minus 
1  Indians  with  De- 
ork  upon  the  ^ca- 
]ngtiflk,  and  in  cafe 
nter  there,  and  pre> 
Spring  :  But  it  af- 
1  View  was  to  be 
Fort  at  AnnapoHs 
ed  out  from  arejl 
of  Duke  'D'Anvifle 
hould  arrive  in  the 
lich  he  proceeded  to 
id  eucamped  within 

x)n  receivine  Intelli- 
>*  /Ja«/i';''8Motioas, 
iaffachufets  Troops 
Execution  of  his  De>' 
ngthen  deftined  to 
mh  Fort  at  Crtmn 
'  New-York  and  the 
id  6oo  of  them  to  be 
2rren,  who  was  then 
at 


C    <5    ] 

at  Bo(\w,  oriiercd  at  the  flitne  fiire  hi^  Majtfty's  Ship 
Chcjier  from  thc-ncr  to  rcmforcc  the  Ships  in  Annapolis 
Haibour  :  The  Chiller  arrived  in  a  few  Days  at  An* 
mp'Ais,  and  400  of  the  Nni>  England  Youc^  foon  after. 
About  the  lame  time   Mr.  ton/lans  'irrived  before 
Chebutlo  (now  HoUfiix)  with   four  c.ipif^l  Ships  from 
Cape  Francois  uiuler  Orders  to  join  Duke  'D'Anville  ; 
bill  after  cruizing  there  fomc  Days  without  hearing  any 
thing  of  his  Squadron.and  imagining  thai  the  Dclhnation 
of  it  w.as  altered,  ipitted  the  Coall  ;  Notice  of  the  Ap- 
pearance of  thcfe  SI  lips  was  foon  brought  to  BoJIon  by 
tilhermcn  ofl'thofe  Hanks ;  but  as  they  difappcarcd  fo 
loon,  the  Alarm,  they  occafion'd,  laftcd  not  long. 

Some  Days  after  thcDeparturc  of  Mr.  Con/lavs,  Duke 
7>'Anville  arrived  in  Chebu6la  Harbour  with  a  few 
Ships,  after  a  tempclluous  PaOage,  v/hich  had  difpcrfcd 
his  Scpiadron  at  Sea  ;  and  not  finding  any  of  the   reft 
there  was  ^o  much  aflbaed  with  that  and  other  Difaltcry 
of  his  Voyage,  that  he  dcftroyed  himfelf  in  two  or  three 
Days,  and  was  buried  privately  Uj'on  a  fmall  Kland  ia 
the  Harbour.     The  Remainder  of  the  French  Ships 
except  one  or  two,  which  were  lort  upon  their  PaHage, 
arrived  by  degrees  at  Chebueio,  a  few  Days  after,  in  a 
Ihattcrccl  Condition  .with  the  Men  in  a  very  fickly  State; 
the  Number  of  thelc  Ships  was  fo  largc,and  their  Force 
fo  great,  that  they  had  the  Appearance  of  a  very  for- 
midable Armament,  and  gave  a  general  Alarm  along  the 
whole  Coall  as  far  Weftward  as  New-Tor k  :  A  Vifit  be- 
ing daily  expefted  from  them  at  Bo/Ion,  the    Governor 
within  three  Days,  drew  8  or  10,000  of  the  Militia   of 
the  Province  thither  to oppofc  the  landing  of  Troops; 
and  the  AfTembly,   upon  this  Occafion,  gave  him  an  un- 
limiredPower  to  ftrengthen  theWorks  at  CafllelVillicim, 
and  do  whatever  he  Ihould  think   neceffury  for  the  im- 
mediate  Defence  of  the  Harbour;  in  confequencc  of 
which,  Preparations  were  made  for  blocking  up  the  En- 
trance of  the  Channel  therc,and  to  give  the  Ships  a  pro- 
per Reception   in  their  Apnronch    to  the   Town  ;  imd 
withia  a  few  Weeks  fuch  additional  Works  were  made 

I  w 


i 


'  A-l*  *«*^ 


[    66    ] 

to  Otflie  miltam.  a«  have  renJ«frcd  it    for  \'^^^'^^)' 
the  moft  conlldcrablc  Furtrcfs  by  Sea  m  lu.  Majtlly  s 

KuEnMb  Admiral  then  Uy  ia  /:.«/i  '.»r^  Harbour 
with  fcvcn  of  ns  Majcdy's  Ships  of  the  f.i.u:  mil  ni>- 
Sca  and  llronply  nuJnM  ;  and  at  the  b.ncT.mc  the 
Ctl  of  Adnur.aZ.yf .i  with  the  W///.Sou^ 

River  Sf.  La^vrence  in  the  hsiH-dmon  of  C^/irt^/u.  vvas 
da  ly   cxpcftcd  on  the  CoaA  \  the  Mafachuetts  Go- 
V    nor,  to  give  ihc  former  of  thefcAa.mrar*  the  bell 
Intelliicnee.  that  could  be  obtained  of  the  Strength   ot 
the  French  Suuadron.  fent  a  Imal   Schooner   to  re  on. 
noitrc  it  in  cUuao  Harbour,  and  curry  h.m  a  dtUinft 
Account  of  it ;  which  was  executed  ;  and  trotn  the  Con- 
dition,  in  which  it  was  found,  .t  was  thouaht  by  the  bed 
Judges,  that  the  Shii>8.  which  the  £,;^//>  Admiral  had 
iith\in,  at  Louul,olg  wcrc^of  ftffiacnt  Force  to  have 
attacked  and  dcltroyed  the  French  Sh.ps  m  Chebuao  } 
which  he  was  much  prclled  to  attempt  by  a  Sea  Cotn- 
mandcr  ofercat  Dirtinftion.  then  ^^"^ertjor  «t  Cape 
Breton  ;  and  at  the  fume  time  the  Mafachufetts   Go- 
vernor  lent  three  fmall  Vefiels  to  cruize  on  fcvcral  Parts 
of  ihe  Coafl,  in  order  to  fall  in  with  Admiral  Leftock  ^ 
Scuadron.  which  was  lliU  cxpcfted  in  ^1mi:nca,xo  give 
hita  Information  of  the  French  Ships,  and  pilot  him  m- 
to  ChebtAdo  ',  which    muft  have  iccurcd  the  utter   Uc- 
ftruftion  of  the  French  Squadton. 

Darinc  the  Conlternation.  which  the  Aooea-ancc  ot 
the  Bre^  Squadron  at  firlt  occafioned.  No'vabrofa, 
•nd  the  GarrJlon  of  Mnapolis  Royal,  with  the  Ships  m 
the  Harbour  were  in  the  general  Opinion  given  up  Jor 
loft  ;  whereupon  the  Mafachufetts  Governor  del.ftcd 
from  Ibnding  more  Troops  to  MnapoUs  •  but  it  after- 
wards  uppeared,  that  the  Detachment  of  Troops  font 
laft  from  ^5/?c;;r.  and  the  Cbefter  tvcnttially  proved  the 
Prefervation  of  the  Gauilon  ^n^^  P''^;;'"'^?.'  ^  '"°" 
after  ther  Arrval  at  MnapoUs  ^^'-'Pf  ^^f;yj^% 
had  Uiea  advanced  within  Ids  than  a  Mile  and  l)alt  ot 


C     <7     1 


it,  for  its  Extent, 
a  in  hii  Majclly's 

muslmirg  Harbour 
the  f  Jiu:   well  'ip* 

the  ("imcTimc  the 
K^/z/tScjuailrtm  ar\ii 
jc  i:!npl«»yeil  «p  the 
,n  of  C'<i/in(/u,  was 
Mafachufetti  Go- 
:  Ailinirafs  the  bell 
)fthc  Strength  of 
Schooner  to  rccon- 
:arrY  him  a  dillinft 

and  from  the  Con- 
thouaht  by  the  bed 
tigitjb  Admiral  had 
icicnt  Force  to  have 

Ships  in  Cbebudo  ; 
npt   by  a  Sea  Com* 

(Jovcrnor  of  Cape 
Majfachufdts  Go- 
uizc  on  fcvcral  Parts 
h  Admiral  Lejhck'i 
\\\  ^Imarica,  to  give 
)s,  and  pilot  him  in- 
jured the  utter  Dc 

1  the  Appca«-ancc  of 
oned,  Nova  Srotia, 
al,  with  the  Ships  in 
Opinion  given  np  for 
'/  Governor  defidcd 
apoiis;  but  it  aftcr- 
cnt  of  Troops  font 
vcntually  proved  the 
Province  ;  for  loon 
rlr.  'De  Rattijlty  who 
a  Mile  and  half  of 
the 


.1.-  r^,,\rn,     and  encamped  in  open  Vi«w  of  «t.  apprc- 

w«r?na  th«  anutlicr  large  ^mbatkat.on  of  tlicm,  will 
r?"«"sl.  Force  *«  fi...  >o  fallow,  anJ  dc(,.a,,mg 
il',l>rAr,ival  of  ihc  Frmch  Armament  thai  'iear,  (llie 
Itby  w  ch  i  »a.  expcftcd  upon  th.Coafl  ..emj(lung 
.  afr3)"uaaonly  aocam|.e<l,  fen.  ia«o  lu.  Irnop, 
euipcu;  luuuv,    ;  ,.,;,/..»    with  the  1^  cmamdcr   to 

back  to  Canada,  attd  .''C"''C*i__,^';i,\^f,.     .•  u.Alarn'. . 


back  to  Canuc/a,  at»u    rcu.v..    -...   "T  .     .- „„*|.,,-., 

M,nas  ;from  whence  ^^  ccjmmvm.cated  thcJallcAl  n^^^^^ 

J,"  u.A  U.n  ..  ^,inaPol>s  Royal  to  Mr.  La  Jon^uiere, 


,e  had  taken  a.'  Mnapolis  Royal  to  Mr.  L 
whotcceeaca  D.,ke'p'^r:^/'' i"  bU  C..mma„a  at 


r« 


who  luCCCCded  uukc  xv  ^'•''•••*    .  , 

wnu  tm-vtwu^  ,.f„.,u,ar(U  nni^earcd  tiom    the 

ChirntSlo  •  which,  as   It  attcrwariis  .ipi x-ivm 
Eta.  f  :tionoi  f^vcrul  'n-lligcntNIachan^  and  o.ther^ 
who  had  been  carried  Priloners  into  Chebufh  by/rrmA 
Crui/crs    fwhilltthe  Armamtnt  by   there)   ^^'\'^^'^ 
con  erf  nt  with    the  French   Officers,  prevented    Mr. 
C^r    fW.m  fending  fume  ^H^.i^t  Jrig.tcs  up  the  Bay 
nfK  damih  Troops.  Ordnance  Stores  and  Art, llory 
ll  iSeet  .riannot  be  reafonably  doubted   hat  he  wou  d 
have  done,  had  not  the  R(  inforcement  been  fnit  to^.- 
Z,nT..A  Mr  T>e  Ramfay  had  remained  with  his  Par- 
,y  betote  the  Garrifon  ;  m  "bieb  C,fe  he  moft  have  m 

af.     ^av-rf^rnr^bom  eiKht  ^Vcck,  ,n  CWu*    H..r^ 
•»"■'"  r'SfL''oV^cbt^"r^^n'r  Ha". 

^' mich  w'cak.-nmg  hi.  other  Sbn'S^na  !«;;  V   ;«■  - 
of  the  Means  of  tepirmi;  .hem,  (M  m,t  o  tl«  M  ar 
hour  fleetin?  his  Courfc  for  the  Hay  ot    twiM  ,    put 
,,rn'to  .""kins  Cape  SMc.  w..b  an  Aprearance  of  « 
Srh  o  feml  a.  leall  fome  of  hi,  Shir.  oP  .ho  flay  to 
Wk Tn  at  ..Jmnpolh.  an  ONC.-IT.ve  ha.ti  Ciale  Aove  him 
Iff 'h   cU  J  .V.fl-fca  hi.  Ships  :  Howe,^.  a  few 
Davsafter.twooflheLnrMmnca.oneof  »h.ch,  a   Jo 
Gun  SWn  went  up  the  Bay.  expefting  (as  v,  .i  (uppole.i) 
fo  finaXTcft  there,  as  high  as  the  N.rrow.^  but     o,,.g 
dtfco"  crea  from  the  Fort  and  thereupon  cl.acea  by  .  - 
CA.y^«^  Ihc  cfcapea  out  of  th^atay. 


Thni  fndfA  tlut  F.xpcdition  of  the  mofl  rormiJablo 
Armamcnr,  that  waicvcr  fittctl  out  ap,.iin(l  the  Co.\(t  c>f 
Ncrth  America,  and  which,  itirhuling  the  tour  capit4 
Ships  Mr.  OnJIitnt  brought  from  Cape  Fttincois,  UM 
computed  to  cunfill  of  near  h?lf  the  naval  Force  of 
yraiiCf  •  To  complcat  their  Series  of  CutaOrophes, 
fomc  of  them  wore  loll,  and  othcu  taken  in  thtii  Return 
Home  ;  and  anoihcr  mifchitvous  Etfift  of  their Kxpedi- 
tion  was,  ihit  Ntr.  La  Jonqumf,  by  hi»  Prclcnts  i)f  the 
Cloatlib  of  the  ScJincn  and  Soldiers,  who  died  on  board 
his  ShipH  of  a  contagious  DiUempcr,  to  the  Cupc  Sabie 
Indians  in  ihc  French  Intcrcll,  comitiunictted  the  In- 
feftion,  and  dclhoy'd  near  twcthirds  of  them. 

In  tlic  mean  tii.ic  Difpolitions  went  on  for  prepnring 
the  Attempt  againd  Croun  Point,  in  forwarding  which 
at  ./^//'awy.fupplyingNeccflaries  for  the  Southern  Troops, 
and  engaging  ilic  Indians  of  the  Six  Nations  in  it,  the  * 
Governor  oi  Ntu'  York  had  many  DlfficuUies  to  ftrng- 
glc  with,  which  he  furmountcd  ;  and  Preparatioris  had 
proceeded  fo  far,  that  Battocs  were  provided  for  the 
Tranf|xirtation  of  the  Men,  Artillery,  and  Stores  aciolii 
Lake  Chantlain  ;  Ordnance  Stores  and  Provifions  were 
fcnt  from  iojlon,  and  a  Train  of  Artillery  from  JNe-w 
Tcrk  to  the  Fort  at  Saratoga  ;  and  by  the  Middle  of 
Qdober  1 500  of  the  Mafachufds  Troops  were  upon 
their  March  from  Albany  to  join  thofc  of  the  Southern 
Governments. 

However,  the  general  Alarm  which  had  been  occafi- 
oncd  by  the  Appearance  of  the  French  Armament  upon 
the  Coaft  of  JSova  Scotia  had  fufpendcd  the  Profecution 
of  the  intended  Attempt  till  the  Seafon  of  the  Year  was 
fo  far  advanced,  that  one  or  more  of  the  Colonies  con- 
cerned in  it  judged  it  too  late  to  proceed,  and  rcfufed  to 
join  with  the  Province  of  the  Majfachujets  Bay  ;  and  4 
Difunion  of  Councils  in  this  Point  finally  prevented  its 
being  carried  into  Execution. 

Mr.  De  Ram/ay  dill  remained  In  Nova  Scotia,  with 
about  yoo  Canadians  and  Indians,  Part  in  Chiegnfda 
and  Part  at  Mims  j  the  Inhabitants  of  the  former  of 

thcfc 
•  Governor  Clinton, 


li 


mod  formiJaWc 
infl  chc  Co.»(t  o£ 

the  iour  cu|)i(4 
^e   Froticois,  wa« 

naval    Force  of 

of  C;iraflrophes, 
x\\  in  tlitiikcturo 
ft  «»t  ihcirKxpeJi- 
)is  Prclcnts  ot'  the 
klio  dii J  on  board 
0  ihc  C;ipc  S(j/'/ir 
luiticital  the  In- 
A  them. 

on  tor  preparing 
forvvardinp  which 
B  Southern  Troops, 
Mationi  in  it,  the  * 
irticuhies  to   ftriig- 

Prcparaiion*   had 

provided  tor  the 
,  and  Stores  aciohi 
,nd  Provifions  were 
tilicry  from  JSetv 
vj  the  Middle  of 
[roops  were  upon 
c  of  the   Southern 

\\  had  been  occafi- 
'h  Armament  upon 
dcd  the  Proiccution 
n  of  the  Year  was 
the  Colonie$  con- 
ccd,  and  rcfufed  to 
hufets  Bay  ;  and  4 
laily   prevented  its 

JN ova  Scotia,  with 

Part  in  Chi»gne(ici 

\  of  the  former  of 

thcfc 


C   f>9   3 

thefc  DiftriAi  were  openly  devoted  m  the  Frenrh  Infer* 

c[\,  thole  oi  Minai  snd  Mmip-^ln  Rivtr  »t    tl...t    tunc 
wjvcring  ;  his  Scheme  was  to  Winter  in  ihcProvmce.aml 
cain  over  the  wh<.h  Body  of  ^.adians  to  rake  up  Armi, 
^nd  join  with  him  in  an  Attempt  upon  thctort  at  -<f«n«- 
pnlit  Royal  early  in  thcSprmK  :  TocompaJsth.s  he  lum- 
Wd  tV.c  Deputies  of  all  the  DiOrias  to   attend  hini ; 
toldth.m  he  hud  IntcUigence  that  ^^c  Governor  ^  the 
MaJTachufets  Buy  was  (ending  a  large  IWy  of    I  roopt 
Uom  Nezo  England  10  force  them  of!  their   PoOefhonf, 
and  exl-o.ted  them  to  join  him,  and  (bnd  upon  theirUft- 
fcnce  ;  and  he  had  proceeded  fo  far  with  them  nj  to  m- 
ducc  them  to  promifb  to  make  Report  of  what  he  haJ 
proiH.fc'l  to  ihcm,  to  their  rcfpoaive  Princpah,  and  let 
hill  know  their  Ri'folutions  by  a  limited  time. 

There  appeared  Danger  in    this    Scheme  ;    had  Mr. 
'De  Ram/ay  hern  futTor'a  to  go  on  unmolcl  cd    in  hii 
Praaiccs  upon  the  Inhabit-nis  during  the  whole  Winter, 
what  Kffefts  hr  might  have  wrought  on    fomc  ol    thctn 
by  his  Perlwafions,  upon  others  by  Menaces,  was  uijcfjr- 
tain  ;  but  if  he  had  fucceedcd.it  muft  have  hazarded  the 
Lofs  of  the  whole  Province  by  the  enfuing  Spring  :  To 
counteraft  therefore  Mr.  7)e  Ram/ay  ami  trulhatc  hif 
Dcfions.  «;«  Mafachufets  Govtrncr  determined,  though 
the  Winter  was  then  far   advanced,   to  attempt  driving 
him  out  of  Minat.  as  foon  as  a  frclh  Recruit  of  Troop* 
could  be  fcnt  to  Annapolis  Royal. 

In  the  mean  time,  to  prevent  him  from  making  any 
Progrcfs  in  gaining  over  the  Inhabitants,  he  immediately 
tranfmittcd  from  Bo/ion  toGovemor  Mafcarene  a  Num- 
ber  of  printed  Copies  of  a  Declaration  tranflated  into 
French,  and  figned  by  himfelf,  to  be  difperlcd  through- 
cut  theDiftrifts  of  A^/Viajand  Mnapolts  River ^whcte- 
in  he  aOured  the  Deputies  and  Inhabitant!,  "  that  luch 
of  them  as  fhould  remain  firm  in  their  Allegiance  to 
his  Majefty  fhould  be  protefted  in  the  PoncUion  ot 
their  Lantls  and  juft  Rights,  according  to  the  Treaty 
of  Utrecht ;  letting  them  know  at  the  fame  t.mc.thac 
he  fhould  very  foon  fend  a  fuflicient  Force  to  Ahnai 


it 


it 


It 


1 


C   70   ] 

"  to  remove  Mr.  *De  Ramfay  and  hisParty  from  thence. 
♦'  and  protea  them  from  the  Infults  of  the  French  and 
"  ihew  Indians  ;  and  in  particular  alTuring  them,  that 
«'  the  King's  Soldiers  Ihould  not  live  upon  free  Quar- 
"  tcr,  nor  be  fuflTered  to  commit  Afts  of  Violence  or 
••  Maroding  among  them,  but  that  they  fhould  be  fuJy 
"  fatisfied  for  all  the  Provifions  and  other  Neccfranes, 
"  which  they  (hould  fupply  the  Troops  with  during 
»•  their  being  quarter'd  among  them." 

Thefe  Declarations  arrived  very  feafonably  zi.^tma- 
folis  ;  Mr.  Mafcarene  found  means  to  difperfe  them 
among  the  Deputies  and  Inhabitants  before  the  Day,  by 
which  they  were  required  to  _cive  Mr.  T>e  Rantjay  their 
Anfwer,  and  they  had  the  Efleft  to  make  them  unani- 
mous in  declaring  to  the  French  Commander  their  Re- 
folutlon  to  truft  to  the  Affuranccs  given  them  by  the  Go- 
vernor  of  the  Mafachufets  Bay,  of  being  proteacd  in 
the  Enjoyment  of  their  Eftatcs  by  the  King  of  Cteat 
Britain,  and  abfolutely  refufing  to  take  up  Arms  and 
join  with  the  Canadians  :  And  they  immcaiately  figmh- 
ed  the  lame  to  Mr.  Mafcarene,v/tt^  their  fcvcral  Addrcl- 
fes  to  Mr.  Shirley,  thanking  him  for  the  Proteftion  he 
had  prcmifed  them,  and  declaring  theirRefolutions  to  be 
loyal  Subjefts  to  the  King.  ,    -o    •     • 

In  the  latter  End  of  November  and  Beginning 
of  'December,  the  Troops  dclUned  for  Minas  cm- 
bark'd  at  Bopn  for  Annapolis  Royal  ;  one  ot  the 
Tranfports  with  the  greate^l  Part  of  the  Soldiers  on 
board  was  loft  in  its  Paflap  j  upon  the  Rocks  r^car  Monts 
Tieferts,  the  Remainder  arrived  fafe  ;  and  in  a  fewDays, 
being  ftrengthened  with  a  Party  from  the  Garrifon,  em- 
barkM  for  Minas,  and  entered  Grand  Pre,  Jnc  chief 
Town  in  thatDiftrift,about  the  ktterEm\  of 'December 

The  French  Commander  upon  havinglntelligence  ot 
their  Arrival  at  AmatoUs,  and  their  Embarkation  for 
Minas,  had  quitted  the  Diftrift  and  retired  with  hisPar- 
ty  to  Schiegneao,  the  exreme  Part  of  the  Penin- 
lula  :  TheSeafon beingextremely  fevcre hindered  the 
jS'tw  England  M<ia  from  immediately  following  him 


sParty  from  thence, 
of  ihe  French  and 
iffiiring  them,  that 
5  upon  free  Quar- 
ts of  Violence  or 
ley  fhould  be  fully 
other  Neccflaries, 
Toops  with  during 

'eafonably  at  ^.dnna- 
5  to  difperfe  them 
before  the  Day,  by 
r.  'De  Rcmjhy  their 
make  them  unani- 
mmnnder  their  Re- 
en  them  by  the  Co- 
being  protected  in 
he  King  of  Great 
take  up  Arms  and 
immediately  fignlH- 
their  fcvcral  Addrcf- 
r  the  Proteftion  he 
leirRefolutions  to  be 

her  and  Beginning 
:d  for  M'tnas  cm- 
Royal  ;  one  of  the 
of  the  Soldiers  on 
le  Rocks  near  Movts 

;  and  in  a  fewDays, 
n  the  Garrifon,  em- 
'andPre,  the  chief 
:rEnd  of  "December. 
avinglntelligence  of 
;ir  Embarkation  for 
I  retired  with  hisPar- 
Part  of  the   Penin- 

fevcre  hindered  the 

itcly  following  him 

thither, 


[    71     1 

thither,  as  the  commanding  Officer  had  O^^^^^^^^^^  d« ; 
fo  that  they  determined  to  wait  till  the  Rigour  ot  u  wa« 

'^  On  "the  lattDay  of  January  the  fr.wcA  Commander 
havinV  aaincd  Inlclligice  o/their  being  dtanbuted  m 
OuarLf a"  a  great  Dillance  from  each  other    and  bemg 
S  encouSged  with  the  Promife  of  Ajftance  fronj 
3  the  InhLants,  made  ^  March  wh.h^w^^^^^^^^ 
imprafticable  in  that  Seafon  of  the  Ye^^'-yXy^JJ 
wiods  with  a  Party  of  Canadians  and  Indians  ,  ^na 
STing  the  Advanta'ge  of  ^violent  Snow  Storm^^^^^^^^^^^ 
had  lifted  26  Hours,  entered  the  Town  immed  atiy  ar 
ter  f  atht,  and  furrounded  moft  of  ^^em  m^  h^^^^ 
Quarters  ;thlgreateft  Part  of  whom  w  ^^J^'"^^^^^^^^^ 
d«l  or  taken  frifoners  ;  In  the  mean  time,  thole  i'ar 
ties  which  were  not  furrounded,  "^^'^^^^^dou  and  forc«^ 
their  Wav  through  the  Enemy  to  the  Guard-Houlc, 
bein/a    lal    defennble    Stone  Building,    fuuated 
§         -jSr  rS  rhi.  Town  •     and   fome    others, 
•Ifh'haa  tfen  f  rrtdS   b"  a.'  off  .he  ^r,y .  which 
r^^cked  them  and  recovered  it  :  The  ne«  Mprmng  two 
Companies  marched  out  of  the  G'lffd.HoMfe    0  nuJ^e 
an  Attempt  upon  the  Enemy's  headQuarters,  but  having 
Teen  ZrizS  without  the!r  Snow  Shoes    and  6ndmg 
in  the  March,  that  .he  Snow  was  too  much  drifted  for 
themto  reach  the  Ettemy,  after  haymg  "^de  two  D.f- 
charees  of  Mufquetry  upon  .hem,  .liey  were  obl»ed  .0 
Sfrom  AelrVcV-  The  Day  fo  ow,ng  Mr.  £« 
a™,  who  then  commanded  the  French  »jl  /"^"^ 
oroDofed  a  Parley,  wllich  was  agreed  to  ;  »nd  atterwaros 
STeal  ihouldWth-Dead  ;  Tern«  of^pmla. 
tion  were  then  offbred  to  the  Ne^,' England  ««»  •  ™f 
SuSftanee  of  wl,ich  was.  that  up  ^-"^"'"S;'^^^^^^^ 
they  Ihould  have  leave  to  march  ou  w.th  Drums  beaung 
^Colours  flying,  and  other  ufual  Honour  «'J*,;;^^ 
fiifficient  Ouantiiy  of  Ammunmon  and  PrmiUons  allow 
S  ,rf"rv^>em  hi  their  Mard,  back  .«  -^^-f^ 
NeeeffariesJorcarr«_ofI^,lK.SKU^._-^ 


I 


the  Nczv  EnglandTtooi^s   to  quit  Mwos 


take 


StiS6mmim»tama»JmtamAmialtaamimtm 


C     73     ] 

tako  up  Arms  in  any  Part  of  Nova  Scotia  during   the 
Term  ot'  one  Year. 

Upon  this  a  Council  of  War  was  held,  and  the  Gar- 
rifon  fubmittcd  to  the  Terms  propofcd. 

Tlic  killed,  wounded  andPrilbncrs  taken  in  thisAc^ioa 
by  the  fV^w^  amounted  to  about  160,  and  the  Number 
of  Canadians  and  Indians  killed  and  wounded  by  the 
New  EnglandMcn  was  computed  at  between  50  and  60. 

TheiVftv  England  Men  being  thus  obliged  to  retire, 
Mr.  La  Come  c]uitted  Alinas  in  afcw  Days,  leaving  the 
Command  of  a  Imall  Party  there  with  an  inferior  Officer. 

Upon  gaining  this  Advantage  Mr.  De  Ramfay  fent 
Declarations  to  the  French  Inhabitants  in  the  Name  of 
theGovernor  of  Canada,  which  were  publicly  pofled  up, 
■requiring  them  to  take  up  Arms,  whenever  they  fhould 
be  call'd  upon  by  hitn,  againft  the  ILngUJh,  on  pain  of 
Peath,  having  their  Houfes  burnt,  and  theirEftates  con- 
fifcated  ;  and  with  thefe  he  publifh'd  the  Billiop  of 
Quebec'%  Declaration,  pronouncing  them  abfolv'd  from 
their  former  Oaths  of  Fidelity  to  theKing  of  Great  Bri- 
tain :  On  die  other  hand  \}cv(iGovernor  of  theMaffachU' 
fets  Bay,  to  cut  offallPretenfions  of  a  Right  ofConqueft 
totheDiflrift  of  7VfmrtJ,which  might  be  grounded  on  the 
Capitulation  atGrandPre,  recommended  it  toLieutenant 
Governor  Mafcarene  to  fend  there  whatTroops  he  could 
fpare  out  of  the  Garrifon,  who  were  not  reftrained  by 
the  late  Capitulation  from  bearing  Arms,  to  repoflefs 
themfelves  of  the  Diftrift  of  Minas,  and  bring  as  many 
of  the  /r^«f  ^Deputies  as  they  could  to  Annapolis  Royal 
to  renew  their  Oaths  of  Fidelity  to  his  Majcfty. 

Accordingly,  foon  after,  Mr.  Mafcarene  fent  out  a 
Party  of  Rangers  with  orders  to  land  at  Grand  Pre  ; 
purfuant  to  which  the  commanding  Officer  landed  there 
and  furprized  fome  of  the  Inhabitans,  who  informed  him 
that  the  Canadians  apprehending  tint  anotlier  Defcent 
might  be  made  upon  them  from  Annapolis  by  a  frefli 
Party  of  Troops,  and  not  thinking  themfelves  fafc  at 
Minas,  had  abandon'd  it  and  marched  bdck  to  Schie^- 
ne^o;  which  the  Officer  upon  entering  the  Body  of  the 

Town 


Sc:>tla 


iluriim   the 


lelil,  and  the  Gar- 
:d. 

taken  in  thisA^ioa 
0,  anil  the  Nunihcr 
ul  wounded  by  the 
JCtween  50  and  60. 
LIS  obliged  to  retire, 
I'  Days,  leaving  the 
an  inferior  Officer. 
.  "De  Ramfay  fent 
US  in  the  Name  of 
publicly  pofled  up, 
eriever  they  fhould 
^nglljh,  on  pain  of 
id  theirEftates  con- 
I'd  the  Billiop  of 
hem  abfolv'd  from 
ling  of  Great  Bri- 
)r  of  tbeMaffachu- 
1  Right  ofConqueft 
be  grounded  on  the 
idcd  it  toLieutenant 
latTroops  he  could 
B  not  reftrained  by 
Arms,  to  repoflefs 
and  bring  as  many 
to  Annapolis  Royal 
lis  Majcfty, 
'fcarene  fent  out  a 
d  at  Grand  Pre  ; 
)fli;cer  landed  there 
,  who  informed  him 
lat  anotlier  Defcent 
nnapolis  by  a  frefli 
themfelves  fafc  at 
ed  bdck  to  Schie^. 
ing  the  Body  of  the 
Town 


r  73  ] 

Town  found  true  ;  and  after  takingPofTefTion  of  theDif- 
ti  iaby  creaing  the  EnglrJ/j  Standard  upon  the  Ciuard- 
Honlb,  Sec.  ami  fcizing  fuch  of  the  Dcpiuie;  and  Inha- 
bitant%  as  he  thour,l-.t  moft  proper  to  carry  to  Mr.apolis 
Royal,  returned  thitlicr.  ,   ,     -n 

Soon  after  this,  Mr.  T)e  Ramfay  evacuated  »he  Pro- 
vince of  all  his  Troops,  and  returned  with  them  to  Ca- 
nada  ;  and  the  Province,  being  thus  cleared  of  the 
Canadians,  remained  quiet  from  any  Attempts  of  the 
/>^/jf/>,  during  the  Remainder  of  the  War. 

In   September  ij^y,  the  Governor  of  the  MaJ/achu- 
fets  J?av  received  his  M^efly's  Orders,  fignifymg  his 
royal  Approbation  of  the  Preparations,  he  had  made  for 
the  intended  Expedition  againft  Ca^iada,  and  dircaing 
him  in  Coniunftion  with  Mmiral  Knowles,  then  Go- 
vernor of  Cape  Breton,  to  disband  the./^we-r/ffln  Troops 
rais'd  for  that  Service,  retaining  fuch  aNumberof  them 
as  they  Ihould  judge  neceflary  for  theProteftion  of  A^r-a 
Scotia  ;  to  colleft  and  liquidate  the  Accounts  of  thcLx- 
pcnce  incurred  by  the  feveral  Governments  ori  account 
of  the  Expedition,  and  tranfmit  them  to  be  laid  before 

his  Maiefty.  ^   ,    ,•    r^  y       -k^ 

Purfuani  to  the  former  Part  of  thefe  Orders  Mr. 
Knowles  and  he  retained  6  Companies  of  70  Men  each 
for  the  Defence  oi  Nova  Scotia,  and  it  appearing  nc- 
cefTiry  for  the  Proteftion  of  the  Province  that  fome  Ship 
'  of  War  Ihould  be  ftationed  at  Annapolis  Royal,  theG<?- 
z'ernor  cf  the  Mafachufets  Bay  fent  the  Mafachufets 
Frigate,  the  Province  Guard-Ship  of  20  Carriage  Guns 

upon  that  Service.  ,    r   r      \ 

Upon  this  Occafion  Mr.  Mafcarcne,  whofe  fingular 
Prudence  and  Vigilance  omitted  no  Opportunity  of  re- 
mindiiig  the  Acadians  of  theirDuty,  and  exhorting  them 
to  confiilt  their  own  Intereft  by  their  Fidelity  to  the 
King's  Government,  wrote  the  foUowmg  Letter  to  tlw 
Deputies  of  the  three  Diftrias. 

"  Mefficurs,  m  i     -  \ 

"  Though  I  am  much  prefTed  and  embarraflcd  wrtli 
«  BuGnefs,  I  will  not  however  let  this  Opprtunity  flip 

j^  "  Without 


—  ■ u-** 


[     74     1 


T 


^1 


"  without  writing  to  you,  Iclt  fomc  ill  intc.nion'aPerfons 
.  Zuld  have  room  to  Iprc.ul  faKcR.rorts  among  you, 
"  which  might  occafion  you  lomc  i  rouble. 

"  Mr  S/;/VAv  has  received  from  Court  esprcf^Ordcrs 
U)  v^^ch  over^hc  Safety  of  this  Province,  cuul  to  cm- 
1;    n  the  Means  ana'all  the  Forces  thnth.s  Excel - 
Lev  niall  judge  neec(rary,  but  always  with  the  D.l- 
pofXn  conformable  to  the  Afuranccs  thelnhnb.an  s 
have  receivcd.thatwhilftthey  lliall  behave  thcmfclvcs 
as  .oS  Subj  fts  to  his  Britannkk  Majeay  (as  they 
a  e^Cnd  to  it  by  their  Oath)  they  ihall  be  treated 
as  hisMajefty's  own  natural  Subjefts  ;  m  con^qucnce 
of  thcfe  Orders  there  is  arrived  here  a  20  Gun  bhip, 
and  we  exncft  another  foon  with  Tnnfi^orts  and 
Troops  befldes  thofe  already  arrived  ;  this  is  what  I 
ihousk,  I  ought  to  let  you  know,  and  to  join  my 
iLZtaVions  Ltyou  nJay  behave  in  fueh  a  manner 
as  is  convenient  for  your  reaping  the  Benefit  ot   the 
good  Difpofitions,  his  Majefty  has  towards  you,  to 
?vhieh  you  will  alway.  find  rnc  ready  to  contribute  as 
much  as  is  in  my  power,  and  you  will  give  mcOcca,- 
(Ion  by  your  good  deportment  to  <lo.     ^^  ^  ^^  ^^  ,^ 

The  Maffachiifds  Governor  had  had  the  Care  of  the 
Governmenfofi^^ra  S..//a  in  a  f^'Iff^'^.^'^ 
mittcd  to  him  duringthe  War  ;  ^^\^'\^^^^y^''f 
approved  of  his  Proceedings  for  preferving  the  Jicadt- 
ens  in  their  Allegiance,  and  preventing  t^/f^  f^^-^p^^; 
volting  to  the  French,  was  pleafed  to  ratify  all  the  Pro- 
mifes  and  Declarations  Mr.  Sbirky  had  made  the||i,and 
authorize  him  to  ifTue  a  Declaration  '»« '•'"Name  to  them, 
to  aflure  them  of  his  Performance  of  what  he  had  yco- 
mifed  them,  and  to  add  fuch  other  Matters  therm  .. 
Mr.  Shirley  fliould  think  moft  conducive  to  hisMajefty  s 
Service  in  that  Province.  .     ^ 

In  the  fame  Year  the  Majfachufets  Governor  xtcii^- 
cd  his  Majefty»s  Orders  to  form  a  Plan  of  CivilGov^r^n- 


It 

n 

it 

it 

<( 

<< 

<< 

tl 

ft 

<t 
tt 
tl 
it 
<< 
ft 
ft 
ft 
it 


inrcntionMPetfons 
(•ports  among  you, 
rouble. 

ourt  esprcfsOrdcrs 
rovincc,  cuid  to  cm- 
rccs  that  his  Excel- 
ivays  with  the  Dif- 
nccs  thclnhabitants 
..  behave  ihcmfchcs 
•i  Majefiy  (as  ihcy 
cy  Ihall  be  treated 
;ts  ;  in  confcqucnce 
;rc  a  20  Gun  Ship, 
th  T.nnfi^orts  and 
red  ;  this  is  what  I 
V,  and  to  join  my 
c  in  fuch  a  manner 
the  Benefit  of  the 
,s  towards  you,  to 
:ady  to  contribute  as 
I  will  give  mcOcca,- 
<lo. 

«'  I  am,  &CC." 

[had  the  Care  of  the 
great  meafure  com- 
1  his  Majefty  having 
iferving  the  Acadi- 
ing  them  from  re- 
to  ratify  all  the  Pro- 
I  had  made  them.and 
in  />/jName  to  them, 
of  what  he  had  pro- 
•  Matters  thereii-  -^s 
lucive  to  hisMajefty^s 

fets  Governor  rcceiv- 

Plan  of  CivilGovern- 

mtnc 


[     IS    ] 

n^nt  for  the  Province  of  Nova  Scctja,  and  to  draw  uj» 

?S  a  Scheme  for  fortifying  it.  as  he  ,,udgM  was  requj- 

l?e  for  puttinc  it  into  a  State  of  Security  ;  and  to  tranf- 

nit  IhertotL  Secretary  of  State's   Office  to  be  latd 

'^  The'Sun^;  of  SrJ.e.neao  had  ever  fince  the 
Treaty  Tutrecht  cliftins^ilhcd  themfclvcs  above  thofe 
of  tle^othcr  two  Dillrias  o^  Nova  Scot,  a, hy  a  refrafto. 
^V  Behaviour  towards  his  Majelty's.  Government  ;  m 
Ikh  hey  were  encouraged  by  their  remote  D.lbnce 
l^m^AnnaMlls  Royal,  and  conftant  Intercourfe  wit^h 
t  w/of  Ca^iy..  .nd  wae  now  become  jnllly 
fufpefted  and  dangerous  to  the  '^f'^^l'''     , .     p, 

the  MajTachufets  Oovenwr  therefore,   in  hvs      Ian 
for  fortifying  the  Wmce  iMopofcd  that  this  Dillnft. 
whicriay'moft  expofcd  to  the  ^^-^^'-^^^^^.f  ^^^ 
Fr>'nch  and  the  furthelt  from  being  U^cour  d  m    calc 
of  an  AlTault,  Ihould  be  (bcured  as  foon  as  m.ght  be,by 
n  ftrong  Fortefs  upon  the  I  llhmus  capable  of  holdmg  a 
h  aTcarrifon,  to  be  built  upon  the  Spot    where  the 
fK  afterwards  built  5.m.S.yW-,    a/xd   the  uj.ole 
iZus  between  the  Bafin  of  Sclncgncao.n.\  ^.yVertc 
l"cuTed  with  a  Line  of  Block-Houles  placed  at   conve- 
nien  D.ftaTees ;  and  that  the  Inhabitants  of  the  Dif- 
S  Ihould  be  removed  either  to  (bme  Parts  of  the  Pro- 
>^ne  more  under  the  Infpeftion  and  Check  of  Im  Mu- 
W^ftv's  Governor  at  Anrtapolls  Royal ;  or  mto  fomc   o- 
E  of  his  Majeftv's  ColoV.es,  where  they  Wd  h^.-e 
equivalent  Lands  given  them  ;  and  t  -t  fo  eUan     Sa- 
tlerf.^tefe  fidelity  and  Attachment   to  his  Majelty  ^ 
^^'''^'™»*-      -  V  be  depended  on,   Iliould  be  tranf- 
^^ag^^^^^o  in  their  Room  ;  which  was  not 

mt^B^^^B^j^  to  ftrike  the  Line  between  the  Ra- 
tifi<iiiBBii^"Treaty  of  Atx  la  Chapelle,  in  which  it 
J^i^pd,  that  the  controverted  Limits  of  th.slro- 
^cc fald  be  determined  by  CommiOir.ts  appointed 
S^^e  Part  of  Great  Britain  and  /V.mc.,  and  th, 
'A.tVs  (Sizing  feveral  Pat ts  of  the  Ccuutry  which 
were  in  difputc. 


•   11 


.;.  I- 


I 


iriWll>iiiMfl1l''iItai 


mmesimi^imtM 


C    7<5   3 

No  fooncr  was  the  Treuty  concUalcJ,  than  they  fcnt 
a  Party  into  St.  Johnh  River  to  take  PofTcirion  of  u  ; 
nnd  their  Incroachmcnts  grew  fo  full  .n  cvcryPar:  of  the 
Peninfula,  that  after  the  narrow  Efcapcs  and  fignalDch- 
verances,  it  had  during  the  War   if  Providence  had  n-^ 
again  intcrnofcd  in  its  Favour,  by  raifing  up  a  ^  hrtt{lh 
Miniller  for  the  immediate  Settlement  and  Protcaum  ot 
it  •  to  whofe  peculiar  Talents,  Vigilance  and  Spirit  tor 
ctrcaii>c  the  great  Seivlce,  the  Nation  owes  us    prcknt 
PoIIeirionofiV^iviSo^a,  the    whole   Province  wou  d 
have  been  fwallowed  up  and  loft  in   ^rnir/j   Incroach- 
ments,  evc.i  duriovr  the  ihori  Interval  ot  the  late  Peace. 
U  any  thinir  after  obferving  thcfe  liuioachmcnis, 
which  followed' i'o  cloCe  upon  theTreaty,  can  bj  wanting, 

10  Ilicw  that  France,  at  the  Time  of  making  the  1  cace. 
had  determined  to  take  the  Hrft  Bvourab  e  Opportunuy 
of  violently  ftizing  upon  theProvincc;  and  was  preparing 
cvrry  Meafure,  whidi  could  jnive  the  Way  for  it  ;  the 
Behaviour  of  the  (Jovcrnor  oi  Canada,  and  liilhop  ot 


upon  that  occauim  to  luex  «.jo>cim>.m  ...  ^ .—,  --j 

of  which  got  abroad  at  the  time  of  its  being  lent,  1  ihall 

here  infert  it. 

B^'pn,  May  9,  1 749- 

c* 

"  Two  Day^.  ago  I  received  from  Mr.  Mafcarene  a 

'-  Copy  of  your  Letter  to  him,  dated  at  Qjiebcc^t  15th 

"  oi  January ;  wherein  (among  other  PemaiWWiimW !»" 

"  upon  him  to  acquaint  you,  whether,*^'' 

'<  prchcnd  the  Abenaqui  hidians  in  \ 

"  requiring  any  kind  of  Submitfion  fn 

"  fire  that  in  fuch  cafe  he  would  engag^ 

"  refettle  in  their  Village,,  and  their  MiflTic       ._   ,      ., 

"  there  with  them  unmolefh-.d.as  they  did  before  WJBWJ© 

•'  obferving  to  him  thai  ihofe  Indians  entered  »««>,«"« 

"  War,  only  as  vovx  Allies,  iind  therefore  when  the  War 

•  The  Earl  of  //*'//«.■<,         t  M^-rq*"!-  la  C  alUff-oriicrc. 


■J,  than  they  fcnt 
PofTcirion  of  it  ; 
cvcryPart  of  the 
;s  and  fignalDcli- 
:)viJ<.ncc  had  not 
ng  up  a  ^  Br'ttip 
:  and  Protcftion  of 
nee  and  Spirit  for 
I  owes  its    prcfcnt 
;   Province  would 
french   Incroach- 
of  the  late  Peace, 
fc  liuioachmcnts, 
ty,  can  bj  wanting, 
making  the  Peace, 
arable  Opportuniiy 
;  and  was  preparing 
;c  Way  for  it  ;  the 
da,  and  Uifiiop  of 
out  of  c]ucflion. 
dilclofed  by  the  In- 
hufds  Bafs  Letter, 
of  Canada,  Copies 
s  being  fent,  1  fliall 

t,  May  9,  1 749- 

n  Mr.  Mafcarene  a 
i  at  Qyebcc  xjtic  15th 


r  Mifliof.-^^,,,. 
;y  did  before  tjwWar, 
ians  entered  iolcrttill 
irefore  when  theWar 


was 


41 
It 
H 
II 
(( 
« 

II 


(« 


(( 


(< 


•      C     77     ] 

was  fininied  with  you,  it  ought  to  be  To  vlth  xt^rA  t6 
rhcm  and  you  proceed  to  l?y.Sir,that  if  they  t. ought 
;th":.?fe'nivi-  £;,,/a„^  you  fl^^"  be  °W.^^^^^ 
m\  thofe W/d«i.inttmating  thaut  ,s  of  Trt»P°'«"«^« 
the  Safety  and  Tranquillity  of  the  Frontiers  of  the 
MafTacfUls  Bay,  that  you  fhould  have  a  fneedy  and 

pSe  Anfwer,  and  that  you  <>^^P  «°V  V  KT  ' 
If  the  Indians  fhould  proceed  to  Afts  of  Violence. 

"  To  this,  Sir,  which  is  the  fourth  Demand  in  your 
I  ctter  Mr.  Mafcarene  having  referred  you  to  me 
upon  it.  1  Ihall  comply  with  your  Reque^  m  gmng 
as  fpecdy  and  pofitive  an  Anfwer  as  may  be. 

"  The  River  of  St.  7<?^;i's,upon  which  that  Part  of 
the  Indians,  to   which  you  chiefly  refer,  is   fcated, 
i'as  be'rev'er  deemed  tJbe  H.uated  with  n  d^Hcart 
o^  Nova  Scotia,  and    confequently   that  Tnbe   of 
Indilns    toRCther  with  the  French  Inhabnants  upon 
Sm    kwer.  are  within  his  Majefty's  Terr.tor.es  j 
nd  accordingly,  Sir,  the   latter  1-ve  a<:knowledged 
thcmfelves  e?er  f.ncc  the  Treaty  oi  Utrecht,  to  be 
e  Subjefts  of  the  Crown  of  Great  'Bntam  by  tak- 
a  the  Oaths  of  Fidelity  and  Allegiance  to  it ;  and 
Se  had  the  Proteftion  Jf  his  Majefty's  Government 
acommon  with  his  other  Subjeas  -that  Province  : 
This  being  the  cafe,  thcfe /«im;jJ  when  the  Advice 
of    Rupture  between  his  Majofty  and  theKing  yoiir 
Mafter  las  hourly  expefted,  Inder  the  Prete  t  of 
fending  a  Deputation  to  Mr.  Mafcarene,   to  del.re 
thev  might  Remain   in  Peace  and  Amity  with  the 
S//^,notwithftanding  War  ihould  happen  between 
f\^lL  Crowns,   gained  AdmilT.on  into   Mnafolt^ 
Royal  for  fome  of  their  Tribe,  who  were  in  r^h  V 
(as  it  afterwards  proved)  Spies ;  and  having  obtained 
Mr.  Mafcareneh  Agreement  to  whit  they  pretended 
To  proiie  in  behalf  of  their  Tribe,  and  being  hon- 
ourably  treated  and  dilmiOed  byjnm,  ^et^nea  m 
three  Weeks  after;  among  othm  of  their- Tribe  mth 


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the  MilTwnary  7^.-  Z-^w?'-^  at  <^f^  Hcutl,  furpri/.ci 
and  killed  «s  many  of  thc£/i5//>  at  Mmi^out  Roy- 
al. a$  they  cauglu  without  the  Fort.  deJlrovccI  their 
Cattle,  burnt  te  Houfcs.  and  continued  A^s  gf 
Hoftility  againft  the  Garrilbn.  till  the  arrival  ot  the 
firft  Party  of  Succours  which  I  fent  it  from  Af«- 
Enffland;  fuch  was  the  Entrance  of  thelo  LiJi.vis, 
Sir,  into  the  War  with  us,  rod  ihcir  Miaiicf  wuh 
you. 

*'  For  this  perfidious  Behaviour  T  cnufod  War  to  be 
declared  in  his  Majelt/sNauK  againll  them  at  Bcffcn 
in  November  1744.  and,  fo  far  as  it  dcpciKS  upon 
me.  they  fhall  not  be  admitted  to  Terms  ot  1  i-acc 
till  they  have  made  a  proper  Submiirion  for  thur 
Treachery,  unlefs  they  fiiould  be  alr«ady  co'urrc. 
bended  in  the  Definitive  Treaty  of  Peace  ancil'.und- 
fliip  lately  concluded  at  .4;.v  la  Chapdle  which  1 
fhall  on  my  Part  ftriftly  obfcrvc  in  every  Point. 

*'  As  to  what  you  have  thouj^ht  fit  to  declare,  Sir,  In 
your  Letter  concerning  yourlntcniions  to  fupport  the 
'Indians  in  Afts  of  Hoflility  againft  us,  unlefs  wc 
oivc  them  Peace  upon  thcTerms  there  prefcribcd  by 
you,  and  the  Danger  which  tl.cFronticrs  of  the  A/a/- 
fachufetts  Bay  in  particular  may  be  m,  unlels  you 
have  a  fpeedy  and  pofitive  Anfwer  upon  th.s  head  ; 
what  I  have  to  fay  in  Anfwer  is,  that  1  fhall  be  forry 
for  a  new  Rupture  between  us,  and  am  very  defirous 
to  have  pcrfeft  Tranquillity  rcflored  to  the  Province 
under  my  Government ;  l)ut  if  the  latter  is  not  to  be 
the  Cafe,  and  you  think  fit  to  make  yourfclf  aP^rty 
in  an  Indiari^^x  againft  us  ;  1  doubt  not  but  his  Ma.- 
iefly's  Subiefts  upon  this  Continent  will  w  able  to 
YnakejuflReprifals  upon  Canot/a,  when  it  Ihall  be 
his  Majefty's  jpieafure  to  have  them  do  it. 

"  I  can't  avoid  exprefflng  great  Surprize  at  the  other 
Parts  of  your  Letter,  whereby  you  take  upon  pu  w 


ri»r*- 


Hcatl,  rurpri/.ci 
^nnapoiis  IRoy- 
,  deJlroyctl  their 
jntinueu  A£ls  yf 
ic  arrival  of  the 
:  ii  frorr\  AVrr- 
f  thefc  Ind'hins, 
ir  jillianct  sviih 


uifod  War  to  lie 
11  them  at  7>':./?r/i 
it  dopciids  upon 
Fcrnis  o\'  IVacc 
iiiirion  for  thLir 
ahcaily  comrrc- 
Ptacc  antlFi  ii  nd- 
hapclle,  which  1 
every  Point. 

to  declare,  Sir,  in 
ms  to  fvipport  the 
ift  us,  unlcfs  we 
ere  prefcribcd  by 
[iticrsofthcA/fl/^ 
c  in,  unlcfs  you 
upon  this  head  ; 
t  1  (hall  be  f«Mry 

am  very  defirous 
1  to  the  Province 
latter  is  not  to  be 
e  yourfclf  aP*rty 
3t  not  but  his  Ma.- 
;  will  be  able  to 
when  it  ihall  be 

do  it. 

prize  at  the  other 

lake  upon  you  to 

"  call 


[  7f  ] 
"  call  Mr.  Mafcarcne  to  account  for  expelling  the  Mtf- 
..  "onary  UomMlnas,  for  bcinR  gudty  of  fuch  trcafo- 
'.  nahlc^Praaices  within  hi,  Maictty's  Gofcrnmcnt  as 
"  merited  a  much  fcvcrcr  Pun.lluncnt  than  that  of  Lx- 
"  puKion  from  the  Province. 

"  The  Right,  you  claim  of  fending  MifTionarics  from 
pJancc  To^refdc  among  his  Majelly's  Subjefts  of^..a 

'::^^^:X:^^»  -d  its  Mmiaers  tlKre 
is  Hill  more  extraordinary  ;  and  I  muft  no  omit  upon 
his  Occafion  to  remark  to  you  that  1  th-nk  the  Let  er 
which  thcBiflion  of  Qyebec  lately  wrote  to  Mr  JVffl/.rf- 
m^rconcerniPg  his  hftended  Vifitation  of  h.s  Majclly  . 
Subicft"in  that^Governmcnt,  in  fuch  terms  as  (hew  d 
heS;  upon  them  as  part  of  his  Cure  of  Souls,  and 
witirhis^Jurifdiftion,  was  likewifc  an  cxtraordmary 
Attempt,  and  can't  be  admitted. 


<i 
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"  Your  interfering  in  his  Majcfty  s  Punilhment  of  h 
Subieas  in  iV.^/sc./;a  inflifted  for  rebel  lous  and 
Sonabie  Prafticcs  againft  hisCrown.  and  hjs  requir- 
ing others  of  them  to  renew  their  Oaths  of  F 
and  in  oneWord.  your  treating  thcSubjea  oi   . 
of  Great  Britain  in  that  Provmcc,  as  it  y       ^.^  a 
fpon  thfm  as  Subjeas  of  hi.  -«« .C»-^-- ^f  ^^^^ 
aJd  being  under  his  Allegiance,  is,  if  P'  'T'Wc,  "'U 
more  furorizinK  ;  and  as  thefc  Attempts  :^  c  man  feft 
CfioKSie  undoubted  Right.  whU  every  Pnnce 
fus  over  his  Subjeas.  I  cant't  but  look  upon  them  as 
infults  upon  his  Majctty's  Go/crnmcnt.  which  require 
no  further  Anfwer. 

u  After  thefe  Attempts.  Sir.  upon  hisMajeft/s  Right 
c.  of  Government  over  hisSubjeas  in  N<r.a  Scct,a  lam 
'.  °efs  furnrized  at  your  Encroachments  upon  the  Limits 
.  of  hisZvince.which  you  are  plcafcd  to  cal  in  yourLet- 
u  ler  Dependencies  of  tlxc  Government  ot  CunaJ.i.  ^^ 


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C.8o    ] 

-,  "  As  to  yoxir  Domcml  for  the  Rclrafc  of  ilie  two//:- 
*'  d'^ans  carryMolfby  Captain  Gorham,  I  cin't  allow, 
"'  Sir,  that  you  i'.nvr  a  Riglvr  to  internofc  in  thnt  Atfulr, 
"  and  Mr.  Corbam  has  fatisfyM  inc  that  he  committed 
"  no  Bn;:v<.h  i.f  p  bru'  Faith  in  doing  it, 

"  I  can't  conclude  without  making  ufo  of  thi<;  Op- 
"  portunity  to  acquaint  you,  that  we  look  on  I'oii  ht. 
"  Frederick  at  Crown  Point,  as  an  Encroachment  on 
*'  his  MajcftyM'crritorics ;  and  in  cafe  you  proccctl  to 
"  fettle  the  Country  round  it,  I  fhall  cdeom  thofc  Sct- 
♦'  tlcmcnts  fo  too,  unUfs  that  Traft  has  been  ceded  to 
•♦  you  by  the  late  dc.initive  Treaty  at  >Aix  UiChapclU: 

«'  I  am  forry,  Sir,  tliat  the  firft  Fruits  of  the  Peace 
"  on  your  Part  have  fo  unpromiiinp  anAfncft  ;  and  beg 
"  you  will  be  pcrfuadcd  that  nothmc  Ihall  be  wanting 
"  in  me  to  prelcrvc  the  goal  unclcrlbnding,  whiclx 
**  ought  to  fubfift  between  us  io  time  of  PcAcc.  having 
"  the  HflBOur  to  be  with  the  molt  perfect  Regard, 


"  Sir, 

"  Tour  moj}  humble,  and 

"  Mojl  obedient  Servant^ 


»» 


FINIS. 


ggpOfgipqgp 


cafe  of  the  twn//j. 
im,  I  cui't  allow, 
nofc  in  thnt  .\\h\r, 
thai  he  coinnuctc<\ 
git. 

ufe  of  this  O 


this  i/p' 
Fori  Sf. 


'  look  on 
Kncroachmcni  on 
ale  you  procccil  to 
I  cdfcin  thofc  Set- 
has  been  ccilcil  to 
at  */^/.v  UiChapclh'. 

Tuits  of  the  Peace 
anAfucft  ;  and  bej; 
iG  fhall  be  wanting 
Icrlbniling,  which 
no  of  Pc4cc,  having 
)crfc£t  Regard, 


humble,  and 
obedient  Servant** 


.^..»»i 


tStattgitA^mm 


uMhi 


